Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41692928›Full record

SynthesisJournal of robotic surgery2026

Robotics in facial plastic surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the latest trends and innovations.

Gabriel Bensimon, Tobias Niederegger, Cosima C Hoch, Murtaja Satea, Emre Karakas, Howan Ari, Victor Chien, Philip Brazio, Gabriel Hundeshagen, Robert Gaudin and 4 more

Abstract readSystematic ReviewMeta-AnalysisReview
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Journal of robotic surgery, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Observational
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Gabriel Bensimon *Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
Tobias Niederegger *Medical Faculty, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
Cosima C Hoch *Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, TUM School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany.
Murtaja SateaDepartment of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Warith Al-Anbiyaa, Karbala, Iraq.
Emre KarakasMedical Faculty, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
Howan AriFaculty of Dentistry, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.
Victor ChienDivision of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Philip BrazioDivision of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Gabriel HundeshagenDepartment of Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Burn Center, BG Trauma Hospital Ludwigshafen, Ludwigshafen, Germany.
Robert GaudinDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.
Iman GhanadDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.
Curtis L CetruloDivision of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Leonard Knoedler *Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.
Alexandre G Lellouch *Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA. Alexandre.Lellouch@cshs.org.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundRobotic-assisted surgery is increasingly incorporated into facial plastic and reconstructive surgery (FPRS) procedures. However, the extent to which robotics improves operative performance or clinical outcomes in FPRS remains unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluates current applications of robotic-assisted FPRS.

methodsA PRISMA-guided systematic search of PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane, Web of Science, and Google Scholar (January 2020-November 2025) identified clinical studies investigating robotic-assisted FPRS procedures. Data extracted included robotic platform used, surgical indication, operative time, personnel involvement, complications, and outcomes. A random-effects meta-analysis was performed for operative time when sufficient data were available.

resultsFourteen studies met the inclusion criteria. Seven robotic systems were used, most commonly the CARLO

conclusionRobotic-assisted FPRS appears feasible by offering improved precision but generally requires longer operative times. As robotic systems evolve, and workflows become standardized, broader clinical integration should be expected.

Indexed as

FacePlastic Surgery ProceduresRobotic Surgical ProceduresHumansOperative TimeCranio-maxillofacial surgeryFacial plastic surgeryFacial reconstructionOculoplastic surgeryRobotic surgical procedures

Identifiers

PMID41692928

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.