Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41694403›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in immunology2026

Human amnion epithelial cells induce M2 macrophage polarisation partially via M-CSF secretion but independently of extracellular vesicles

Louise Zeijlon, Snehil Budhwar, Robert Lindau, Stefan Bencina, Helen Kaipe, Maria C Jenmalm, Roberto Gramignoli, Johanna Raffetseder

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Louise ZeijlonDivision of Inflammation and Infection, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
Snehil BudhwarDivision of Inflammation and Infection, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
Robert LindauDivision of Inflammation and Infection, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
Stefan BencinaDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden.
Helen KaipeDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Maria C JenmalmDivision of Inflammation and Infection, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
Roberto Gramignoli *Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden.
Johanna Raffetseder *Division of Inflammation and Infection, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Pregnancy requires major immunomodulatory changes, both systemically and locally, as the maternal immune system needs to be modulated to tolerate the semi-allogeneic foetus. Decidual macrophages and stromal cells, but also foetal tissues are involved in this immune tolerance, for example by inducing M2 macrophages and regulatory T cells. However, it is so far unknown whether foetal membrane cells such as amnion epithelial cells (AECs) can influence human macrophage polarisation. In this study, a human

Indexed as

AmnionEpithelial CellsExtracellular VesiclesMacrophage ActivationMacrophage Colony-Stimulating FactorMacrophagesCells, CulturedCulture Media, ConditionedFemaleHumansPregnancyCulture Media, ConditionedMacrophage Colony-Stimulating Factoramnion epithelial cellsextracellular vesicleshuman macrophageimmune regulationmacrophage colony-stimulating factormacrophage polarisationpregnancy

Identifiers

PMID41694403
PMCPMC12894031

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.