Evidence mapPaperPMID 41695839Full record

ArticlePediatric diabetes2026

Association Between Celiac Disease and Uncontrolled Hemoglobin A1c Levels in Type 1 Diabetes Pediatric Patients.

Amy Lin, Michelle Jankowski, Shirley Qu, Virginia Uhley, Michael Brennan, Ramin Homayouni

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Pediatric diabetes, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

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No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Amy LinOakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, Michigan, USA, oakland.edu.ORCID 0000-0003-3747-2477
Michelle JankowskiOakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, Michigan, USA, oakland.edu.ORCID 0000-0001-8379-0455
Shirley QuCorewell Health Research Institute, Royal Oak, Michigan, USA.
Virginia UhleyOakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, Michigan, USA, oakland.edu.ORCID 0000-0002-5145-6775
Michael BrennanCorewell Health William Beaumont University Hospital, Royal Oak, Michigan, USA.
Ramin HomayouniOakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, Michigan, USA, oakland.edu.ORCID 0000-0003-0186-5076

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Celiac disease (CD) occurs in ~6% of individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and may complicate glycemic control due to conflicting dietary needs. Prior studies show mixed results regarding the impact of CD on Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), especially in pediatric populations. This study evaluates whether CD is associated with suboptimal glycemic control in pediatric patients with T1D. Methods: This retrospective chart review analyzed pediatric patients (<18 years) diagnosed with T1D between 2012 and 2023 across Corewell Health East. Patients were identified via ICD-10 codes and stratified by CD status and glycemic control (controlled HbA1c <7% vs. uncontrolled HbA1c ≥7%). Statistical analyses include chi-square or Fisher's exact tests for categorical variables, Wilcoxon tests for continuous variables, and logistic regression for multivariable analysis. Results: Among 2,203 pediatric patients with T1D, 101 (4.6%) had CD. Patients with both conditions were younger at T1D diagnosis (median age 9 vs. 12 years, Conclusion: CD is significantly associated with poorer glycemic control in pediatric patients with T1D, independent of age, race, and sex. These findings suggest the need for closer monitoring, individualized dietary counseling, and targeted interventions in this high-risk group.

Indexed as

Celiac DiseaseDiabetes Mellitus, Type 1Glycated HemoglobinAdolescentChildChild, PreschoolFemaleGlycemic ControlHumansMaleRetrospective StudiesGlycated Hemoglobinhemoglobin A1c protein, humanceliac diseaseglycemic controlhemoglobin A1cpediatric endocrinologytype 1 diabetes

Identifiers

PMID41695839
PMCPMC12895084

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.