ReviewThe Journal of clinical investigation2026
The science of safety: adverse effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists as glucose-lowering and obesity medications.
Review in The Journal of clinical investigation, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Dose-Escalation Regimens for Incretin Mimetics in Type 2 Diabetes Are Associated With Tolerance for Nausea and Vomiting.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Pooled it
- Investigation into the efficacy and safety profile of oral small-molecule GLP-1 receptor agonists in type 2 diabetes and obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Pooled it
- Therapeutic potential of GLP-1 receptor agonists and SGLT2 inhibitors in diabetic neuropathy: a critical appraisal.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2026Review
- Psyllium and Glucomannan as Viscous Fiber Modulators of the Gut-Microbiome-Incretin Axis: Molecular Links to Metabolic Inflammation, Barrier Function, and GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Estimated Oral Semaglutide Exposure Has Distinct Relationships With Glycaemic Response, Weight Loss and Gastrointestinal Tolerability.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Article
- Weight Loss Medication Marketing and First Nations People: Disease Awareness or Corporate Profit?The Medical journal of Australia · 2026Article
- Balancing the benefits and risks of GLP-1 receptor agonists: a clinical guide for shared decision-making.EClinicalMedicine · 2026Review
- Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease and Incretin Receptor Agonists: A Metabolic Approach to Halting Liver Disease Progression.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Review
- GLP-1 Medications in Oncology Nursing Practice.Clinical journal of oncology nursing · 2026Article
- GLP-1 Receptor Agonists for Treating Alcohol Use Disorder: A Critical Review.Alcohol, clinical & experimental research · 2026Review
- Dercum Disease: Exploratory Therapeutic Approaches in the Absence of Standardized Medical Treatment-A Single Center Case Series.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Perioperative risks of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and their implications in airway management using supraglottic airway devices.Anesthesia and pain medicine · 2026Review
- Evaluating the use of GLP-1 receptor agonists in Wolfram syndrome patients.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
GLP-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) medications have transformed the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity, with robust evidence for cardiovascular and renal benefits. Nevertheless, GLP-1RA therapy is associated with a pattern of adverse events affecting their safety and tolerability. Here, we delineate mechanisms potentially leading to adverse responses to GLP-1RAs, describe the impact of side effects on treatment persistence, discuss potential mitigation strategies, and identify areas requiring further studies. Concerns that GLP-1RAs raise the risk for acute pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer have been dispelled by long-term clinical trials. However, GLP-1RAs may confer an increased risk for thyroid cancer. Sight-threatening eye complications resulting from rapid reductions in glycemia may be avoided by retinal screening and ophthalmologic treatment before GLP-1RA initiation. The slowing of gastric emptying with GLP-1RA treatment increases the propensity for retained gastric contents, which could increase the risk of aspiration during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy or general anesthesia. These risks may, however, be elevated in individuals with long-standing T2D even in the absence of GLP-1RA treatment. Improved pharmacovigilance and a more standardized, quantitative assessment of adverse events in clinical trials, particularly in the assessment of gastrointestinal symptoms, would facilitate definition of the benefit-risk relationship for individual medications and indications.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.