ArticleInternational journal of dermatology2026
Tissue Levels of MMP-9 and Granzyme B in Patients With Bullous Pemphigoid: A Case-Control Study.
Article in International journal of dermatology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundProteolytic enzymes, including matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and granzyme B, contribute to dermal-epidermal separation, but their expression in human skin lesions is not fully quantified. We aimed to quantify tissue levels of MMP-9 and granzyme B in bullous pemphigoid (BP) lesional skin compared to healthy controls.
methodsIn a case-control study at the National Hospital of Dermatology and Venereology in Hanoi, Vietnam, between June 2024 and June 2025, lesional skin from BP patients and normal skin from healthy controls were analyzed. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and granzyme B levels were quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Mann-Whitney U tests, linear regression, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses were conducted to assess group differences, clinical associations, and diagnostic performance.
resultsForty-eight BP patients and 21 healthy controls were included in our study. The median level of MMP-9 was 216.4 pg/mL/mg (interquartile range [IQR]: 74.6-570.0) in BP patients vs. 58.7 pg/mL/mg (IQR: 16.6-154.2) in controls (p = 0.0031). Granzyme B level was 2.16 pg/mL/mg (IQR: 1.26-5.13) in BP patients compared to 0.40 pg/mL/mg (IQR: 0.19-1.67) in the control group (p < 0.0001). ROC analysis showed areas under the curve (AUCs) of 0.722 for MMP-9 and 0.781 for granzyme B, while the combined model reached 0.799. MMP-9 level was correlated with body weight (r = 0.32, p = 0.023) and leukocyte counts (r = 0.29, p = 0.037), whereas granzyme B level was correlated with disease duration (r = 0.30, p = 0.032).
conclusionsOur study underscores that tissue levels of MMP-9 and granzyme B are significantly heightened compared to healthy controls. These proteases play a pivotal role in all types of skin lesions and reflect the local activity of BP.
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