Evidence mapPaperPMID 41698971Full record

ArticleScientific reports2026

Beyond glycemia: adropin, asprosin, and irisin as potential biomarkers for cardiovascular risk in diabetes and prediabetes.

Esra Karapınar Göze, Bahar Ürün Ünal, Ali Ünlü, İrem Açılan

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Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Esra Karapınar GözeSelcuk Unıversıty Faculty of Medicine, Department of Family Medicine, Akademi, Celal Bayar Cd. No:313, 42250, Konya, Turkey. karapnaresra@hotmail.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0001-3849-1680
Bahar Ürün ÜnalSelcuk Unıversıty Faculty of Medicine, Department of Family Medicine, Akademi, Celal Bayar Cd. No:313, 42250, Konya, Turkey.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5433-168X
Ali ÜnlüSelcuk Unıversıty Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Konya, Turkey.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9991-3939
İrem AçılanSelcuk Unıversıty Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Konya, Turkey.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0000-1033-8935

Funding

Selçuk University Research Foundation 24122020
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a prevalent metabolic disorder. Adropin, asprosin, and irisin, recognized for their metabolic roles, lack clear establishment in cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and T2DM guidelines. This study aimed to investigate the relationships between serum levels of these biomarkers and CVD risk in healthy, prediabetic, and T2DM individuals. A total of 30 individuals with T2DM, 30 prediabetic subjects, and 29 healthy controls were included in the study. The Framingham Risk Score (FRS) was calculated for each participant. Anthropometric measurements and key biochemical parameters, including fasting blood glucose, HbA1c (glycated hemoglobin), and lipid profile, were recorded. Serum levels of adropin, asprosin, and irisin were quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. No statistically significant differences were found in serum adropin, irisin, and asprosin levels across diabetes status groups (p > 0.05). Adropin levels were significantly higher in individuals with lower waist circumference (WC) and body mass index (BMI) (p = 0.029; p = 0.024). Low asprosin levels correlated with greater WC (p = 0.021). FRS correlated significantly with metabolic parameters (age, BMI, WC, blood pressure, glucose, HbA1c, TG (triglycerides), HDL (High-Density Lipoprotein), HOMA-IR (Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance)). While no direct significant relationship was observed between these biomarkers and FRS, a positive significant correlation was found among adropin, asprosin, and irisin levels across all groups. These findings should be interpreted as exploratory and hypothesis generating. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to evaluate the associations of adropin, asprosin, and irisin with CVD risk in healthy, prediabetic, and T2DM individuals using FRS. The findings indicate that, although these proteins may not serve as independent predictors of CVD risk, their positive inter-correlations likely reflect underlying subclinical metabolic processes, providing valuable insights for future risk assessment strategies.

Indexed as

Cardiovascular DiseasesDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Fibrillin-1FibronectinsIntercellular Signaling Peptides and ProteinsPeptidesPrediabetic StateAdipokinesAdultBiomarkersBlood GlucoseBlood ProteinsCase-Control StudiesFemaleHeart Disease Risk FactorsHumansAdipokinesBiomarkersBlood GlucoseBlood ProteinsEnho protein, humanFBN1 protein, humanFibrillin-1FibronectinsFNDC5 protein, humanIntercellular Signaling Peptides and ProteinsPeptidesAdropinAsprosinCardiovascular disease riskFramingham risk scoreIrisinPrediabetesType 2 diabetes mellitus

Identifiers

PMID41698971
PMCPMC12949003

What Socratic holds

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.