ReviewNature reviews. Immunology2026
Harnessing mucosal immunity for protective vaccines.
Review in Nature reviews. Immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed.
- Research Progress, Application, and Industrialization Prospects of Circular RNA Vaccines in Viral Diseases.Vaccines · 2026Review
- Article
- Live-attenuated vaccines of human respiratory syncytial virus for infants and young children: Progress and prospects of an old yet promising platform.Biosafety and health · 2026Review
- Field Trial Demonstrates Superiority of a Live Attenuated Vaccine for Integrated Control ofAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- Review
- Impact of Maternal COVID-19 Infection Versus Vaccination on Mucosal Immunity in Breastmilk.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Serum as a surrogate for salivary IgG: comparison of antigen-specific serum and salivary IgG in sheep.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Gut microbiota-host adaptive immune interactions in type 2 diabetes mellitus: mechanisms, disease progression, and microbiota-based therapeutic strategies.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- Tissue-resident memory T cells reshapeFrontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Gut microbiota as a therapeutic target of Chinese herbal medicine in allergic rhinitis: the gut-nasal axis and immunity.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Mucosal surfaces are primary entry sites for many infectious pathogens, yet parenteral vaccination alone often fails to elicit effective mucosal immunity. Mucosally delivered vaccines offer a promising strategy for reinforcing frontline defences and inducing localized, pathogen-specific immune responses. Recent studies indicate that mucosal vaccines elicit tissue-resident memory T and B cells, along with robust local antibody secretion, to prevent infection and transmission. However, achieving sterilizing immunity at mucosal sites proves challenging owing to the complex immune environments consisting of epithelial barriers, varying mucus composition, pH differences and hormonal influences. In this Review, we outline how specialized immune-inductive and effector mechanisms across distinct mucosal compartments contribute to protective immunity and discuss emerging strategies to harness multilayered mucosal immunity to develop safe, effective vaccines that elicit durable protection.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.