ReviewMolecular plant pathology2026
Virulence Regulation and Lifestyle Transitions: The Role of c-di-GMP and Two-Component Systems in Erwinia amylovora and Their Evolutionary Context Within Enterobacterales.
Review in Molecular plant pathology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Genome Evolution in Plant Pathogenic Bacteria.Genome biology and evolution · 2026Review
- Virulence Regulation and Lifestyle Transitions: The Role of c-di-GMP and Two-Component Systems in Erwinia amylovora and Their Evolutionary Context Within Enterobacterales.Molecular plant pathology · 2026Review
- Nano-enabled disruption of bacterial virulence and communication in plant pathosystems: emerging strategies for sustainable disease management.Frontiers in plant science · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Erwinia amylovora, the causative agent of fire blight, poses a threat to pome fruit production worldwide. Disease initiation involves a transition from an epiphytic to an endophytic growth stage, with early activation of the type III secretion system (T3SS) on floral stigmas enabling host tissue invasion. Among the diverse arsenals of E. amylovora, the T3SS and its effectors (T3Es), along with the exopolysaccharide amylovoran, represent core pathogenicity determinants. Systemic colonisation and persistence within the host are orchestrated by a complex regulatory network that coordinates transitions between motile planktonic and sessile biofilm-associated states. Central to this regulation are four conserved two-component systems (HrpX/HrpY, RcsC/RcsB, GrrS/GrrA and EnvZ/OmpR) and the second messenger cyclic-di-GMP (c-di-GMP). This review synthesises current knowledge across four interrelated themes: (i) the disease cycle and host colonisation strategies of E. amylovora and host defence response, (ii) pathogenicity and virulence factors of E. amylovora and their regulatory mechanisms, (iii) regulatory circuits modulating lifestyle transitions during systemic colonisation by the pathogen focusing on the role of c-di-GMP and two-component systems and (iv) evolutionary perspectives on the two-component systems and c-di-GMP along with comparisons to related enterobacterial pathogens. These insights advance our understanding of the molecular basis of fire blight pathogenesis and adaptative strategies employed by E. amylovora to thrive in diverse host environments.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.