Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41700328›Full record

ArticleBipolar disorders2026

A Significant Decline of Glomerular Filtration Rate in the Majority of Long-Term Lithium Users: Results of a Dutch Prospective 10-Year Cohort Study.

M J van der Aa, D Zittema, J Doornebal, E G T M Hartong, E M Bisseling, J Dammers, U M H Klumpers, A P M Kerckhoffs, R W Kupka, T Nijenhuis

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Bipolar disorders, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Review
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

M J van der AaAmsterdam University Medical Center Location Vrije Universiteit, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.ORCID 0009-0001-0062-1654
D ZittemaAmsterdam University Medical Center Location Vrije Universiteit, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
J DoornebalDepartment of Nephrology, Isala, Zwolle, the Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0002-4671-8056
E G T M HartongDepartment of Psychiatry, Canisius Wilhelmina Ziekenhuis, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
E M BisselingDepartment of Psychiatry, Canisius Wilhelmina Ziekenhuis, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
J DammersJeroen Bosch Ziekenhuis, Jeroen Bosch Academy Research, 's-Hertogenbosch, the Netherlands.
U M H KlumpersAmsterdam University Medical Center Location Vrije Universiteit, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
A P M KerckhoffsDepartment of Nephrology, Jeroen Bosch Ziekenhuis, 's-Hertogenbosch, the Netherlands.
R W KupkaAmsterdam University Medical Center Location Vrije Universiteit, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
T NijenhuisDepartment of Nephrology, Radboudumc Institute for Medical Innovations, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0002-4375-7236

Funding

Stichting Jos Schaap Feering
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionIt remains unclear to what extent long-term lithium use leads to significant eGFR decline. This study examines the course of eGFR in a 10-year prospective cohort of lithium users and the association with duration of lithium use, lithium serum concentration, and comedication. MATERIAL AND

methodsThis 10-year prospective cohort study included patients using lithium at inclusion. Medical records were reviewed for lithium concentration, eGFR, discontinuation of lithium, and other medication use. Primary outcome was a description of eGFR decline, quantified as delta eGFR per year of follow-up.

resultsIn total 196 patients were analyzed (42% male, mean age 51.1 ± 12.2, median follow-up time 8.8 years [IQR 1.3]). Median yearly decline was 0.79 mL/min/1.73 m

conclusionThis study provides further evidence that eGFR decline occurs in most long-term lithium users. Of this cohort, 59% of the participants had faster eGFR decline than the mean decline in the general population. Lithium exposure, quantified as mean serum lithium concentration, could be a contributing factor in this decline. eGFR trajectory was not altered by ceasing lithium.

Indexed as

Antimanic AgentsBipolar DisorderGlomerular Filtration RateLithiumLithium CompoundsAdultCohort StudiesFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHumansMaleMiddle AgedNetherlandsProspective StudiesAntimanic AgentsLithiumLithium Compoundschronic kidney disease (CKD)glomerular filtration ratelithiummaintenance treatment

Identifiers

PMID41700328
PMCPMC12910323

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.