Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41701107›Full record

ArticleG3 (Bethesda, Md.)2026

Reference genome assemblies for the North American bumble bees Bombus flavifrons and Bombus fervidus, two phenotypically polymorphic species from distinct phylogenetic lineages.

Jeffrey D Lozier, Rena M Schweizer, Sheina B Sim, Heather M Hines, Michael G Branstetter, Ligia R Benavides, Scott M Geib, Jonathan Berenguer Uhuad Koch

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in G3 (Bethesda, Md.), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Jeffrey D LozierDepartment of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, United States.ORCID 0000-0003-3725-5640
Rena M SchweizerU.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Pollinating Insects Biology, Management, Systematics Research Unit, Logan, UT 84341, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-8812-8177
Sheina B SimU.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Daniel K. Inouye U.S. Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Center, Tropical Pest Genetics and Molecular Biology Research Unit, Hilo, HI 96720, United States.ORCID 0000-0003-0914-6914
Heather M HinesDepartment of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, 208 Mueller Laboratory, University Park, PA 16802, United States.ORCID 0000-0003-0299-5569
Michael G BranstetterU.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Pollinating Insects Biology, Management, Systematics Research Unit, Logan, UT 84341, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-3734-6166
Ligia R BenavidesU.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Pollinating Insects Biology, Management, Systematics Research Unit, Logan, UT 84341, United States.ORCID 0000-0003-4387-1220
Scott M GeibU.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Daniel K. Inouye U.S. Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Center, Tropical Pest Genetics and Molecular Biology Research Unit, Hilo, HI 96720, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-9511-5139
Jonathan Berenguer Uhuad KochU.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Pollinating Insects Biology, Management, Systematics Research Unit, Logan, UT 84341, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-6654-7370

Funding

National Science Foundation DEB-2126418United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service 2040-22430028-000-DUnited States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service 2080-30500-001-000D
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

We present genome assemblies for 2 bumble bee (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Bombus) species: Bombus (Pyrobombus) flavifrons and Bombus (Thoracobombus) fervidus. These species are widespread pollinators across North America and both exhibit intraspecific color pattern variation across their ranges due to Müllerian mimicry. These genomes will thus be a useful resource both for studies of native pollinator biology and the evolution of phenotypic variation. We used a combination of single molecule HiFi sequencing and Hi-C sequencing in each species to produce highly contiguous and complete genome assemblies. Utilizing publicly available data, the Eukaryotic Genome Annotation Pipeline was used to generate gene annotations. The B. flavifrons genome was assembled into a total of 483 scaffolds, with 18 primary assembled molecules representing putative chromosomes (scaffold N50 = 15.6 Mb), with a total length of 310.5 Mb. Annotation identified 12,476 genes (10,137 protein coding) with a Benchmark of Single-Copy Orthologs (BUSCO) protein score of 97.9% complete (97.6% complete and single copy). The B. fervidus genome was assembled into a total of 181 scaffolds, with 19 assembled chromosomes (scaffold N50 = 15.3 Mb, contig N50 = 10.3 Mb), and a total length of 314.3 Mb. Annotation revealed 13,353 genes (10,599 protein coding), with a BUSCO protein score of 98.8% complete (98.3% complete and single copy). We present summaries of gene and repetitive element distributions across the putative chromosome scaffolds and synteny analyses of both species to closely related chromosome-scale Bombus genomes.

Indexed as

BeesGenetic LinkageGenome, InsectPhylogenyAnimalsFemaleHaploidyMaleMolecular Sequence AnnotationUnited Statesbiodiversitybumble beescolor patterngenome assemblymimicrypollinator

Identifiers

PMID41701107
PMCPMC13148389

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.