Evidence mapPaperPMID 41701932Full record

ArticleJMIR research protocols2026

Establishing Reference Intervals for Fat-Soluble Vitamins in Healthy Chinese Adults: Study Protocol for a Cross-Sectional, Multicenter Study.

Zhong Liu, Chenbing Liu, Nan Li, Chao Shen, Lihong Qiu, Di Sheng

Abstract readMulticenter Study
In one paragraph

Article in JMIR research protocols, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Zhong LiuDepartment of Health Management Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Rd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310003, China, 86 13957104885.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0005-7945-2468
Chenbing LiuDepartment of Health Management Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Rd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310003, China, 86 13957104885.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0001-3405-5662
Nan LiDepartment of Health Management Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Rd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310003, China, 86 13957104885.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5060-9963
Chao ShenDepartment of Health Management Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Rd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310003, China, 86 13957104885.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1250-8728
Lihong QiuDepartment of Health Management Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Rd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310003, China, 86 13957104885.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0005-4003-8614
Di ShengDepartment of Health Management Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Rd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310003, China, 86 13957104885.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0008-1084-8386

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Fat-soluble vitamins (FSVs)-vitamins A, D, E, and K-are essential micronutrients involved in key physiological processes. Both deficiency and excess can influence nutritional assessment and disease risk. In China, clinical evaluation of FSVs often relies on reference intervals (RIs) derived from Western populations, and no large-scale study has comprehensively evaluated all 4 FSVs in healthy Chinese adults. Objective: The aim of this study is to establish population-specific RIs for vitamins A, D, E, and K in healthy Chinese adults, thereby supporting more accurate clinical assessment of vitamin status and the prevention of related diseases. Methods: This ongoing multicenter cross-sectional study aims to recruit 100,000 adults (≥18 y) from 20 hospitals across China. Participants undergo a standardized questionnaire, physical examination, and blood sample collection. FSV concentrations are quantified using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Group differences are assessed using the chi-square test or Fisher exact test. Nested ANOVA evaluates variation across subgroups. RIs will be established using parametric or nonparametric percentile methods following rigorous outlier removal to accurately determine the 2.5th and 97.5th percentile limits. Results: As of October 2025, 13,545 adults have been enrolled, and 1690 participants have met the inclusion criteria. Recruitment began on 1 July 2024 and is expected to conclude by 30 June 2026. Conclusions: This study will generate the first large-scale, population-specific RIs for FSVs in healthy Chinese adults. The findings are expected to be published in 2027 and will provide an important evidence base for clinical nutrition assessment and disease prevention in China.

Indexed as

VitaminsAdultChinaCross-Sectional StudiesEast Asian PeopleFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedReference ValuesVitamin AVitamin DVitamin EVitamin KVitamin AVitamin DVitamin EVitamin KVitaminsChinese populationfat-soluble vitaminsmulticenterphysical examinationreference intervals

Identifiers

PMID41701932
PMCPMC12912661

What Socratic holds

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.