ArticleAesthetic plastic surgery2026
Removing Lipid Droplets Improves Fat Transplantation Outcomes in a Mouse Model through Suppressing Pro-fibrotic Macrophage Responses.
Article in Aesthetic plastic surgery, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Nanofat for Injection Laryngoplasty: Office and Operative Results.Laryngoscope investigative otolaryngology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe clinical efficacy and predictability of autologous fat grafting are frequently undermined by uncontrolled fibrosis and oil cyst formation. While lipid droplets (LDs) metabolic imbalance is recognized as a critical factor influencing graft outcomes, the underlying mechanisms linking LDs to adverse tissue remodeling remain poorly understood.
objectivesThis study aimed to elucidate the mechanistic impact of extracellular LDs on fat graft outcomes in a murine model, with a specific focus on their role in modulating macrophage-mediated inflammation and fibrosis.
methodFat grafts were transplanted into C57BL/6J mice and divided into two groups: an oil-retained group (control) and an oil-removed group (intervention). Grafts were harvested at serial timepoints (2-12 weeks) for comprehensive analysis, including histopathology (H&E, Masson's trichrome), quantitative PCR for inflammatory and fibrotic markers (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, TGF-β), and immunofluorescence staining to assess macrophage polarization (CD86 for M1, CD206 for M2).
resultThe presence of excess extracellular LDs acted as a potent inflammatory trigger, driving a significant upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α (2.4-fold), IL-6 (1.9-fold), and IL-1β (2.8-fold). This pro-inflammatory microenvironment was associated with a dominant M1 macrophage phenotype. Conversely, the preoperative removal of LDs fundamentally altered this response. The oil-removed group exhibited markedly superior outcomes, including a 1.25-fold greater volume retention (p < 0.01) and a 60% reduction in oil cyst area (p < 0.01) at 12 weeks. Mechanistically, these improvements were linked to a decisive shift in macrophage polarization toward a pro-regenerative M2 phenotype, as evidenced by a significantly higher CD206+/CD86+ cell ratio (1.76 vs. 0.86 in controls).
conclusionLDs overload exacerbated graft failure through M1 macrophage-mediated chronic inflammation and pathological fibrosis. Preoperative removal of these lipid droplets mitigates this detrimental inflammatory cascade, improves graft retention, and represents a critical and actionable strategy for enhancing the outcomes of clinical fat transplantation. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE I: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
Indexed as
Identifiers
41703064What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.