Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41703653›Full record

ReviewCardiovascular diabetology. Endocrinology reports2026

Antihypertensive therapy in diabetes mellitus: efficacy, safety, and metabolic impacts in type 1 and type 2 diabetes.

Pooja Joshi, Griffin Rick, Srihitha Mesineni, Sujan Bohara, Sehrish Atif, Nandakumar Poonthottam, Aiesha Azam, Yasir Mehmood, Ramsha Ali, Naama Raquib and 3 more

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Cardiovascular diabetology. Endocrinology reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Pooja JoshiDr. Bhim Rao Ambedkar University, Agra, India.
Griffin RickBoston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Srihitha MesineniFaculty of Medicine, Tbilisi State Medical University, Tbilisi, Georgia.
Sujan BoharaKist Medical College, Patan, Nepal. sujan4eternal@gmail.com.
Sehrish AtifJinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan.
Nandakumar PoonthottamMedway NHS Foundation Trust, Gillingham, UK.
Aiesha AzamFaculty of Medicine Sciences, Khaja Bandanawaz University, Kalaburagi, Karnataka, India.
Yasir MehmoodKettering General Hospital, Kettering, UK.
Ramsha AliFatima Jinnah Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan.
Naama RaquibYerevan State Medical University, Yerevan, Armenia.
Abhijith SasikumarNorthampton General Hospital, Northampton, UK.
Areeba KhalidSikkim Manipal Institute of Medical Sciences, Gangtok, India.
Onyekachi Emmanuel AnyagwaSchool of Medicine, New Vision University, Tbilisi, Georgia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Treating hypertension in diabetic patients with antihypertensive medications should be done with careful consideration because these medications may interfere with macro- and microvascular complications of diabetes, such as myocardial infarction, stroke, and diabetic nephropathy. Some medications also come with cardio- and reno-protective effects along with lowering blood pressure. This narrative review focuses on major antihypertensive drug classes and their efficacy, safety, and metabolic impacts in type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. We found that most classes of drugs, such as ACEIs (Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors), ARBs (Angiotensin II-Receptor Blockers), and thiazide diuretics, exert cardio- and renoprotective effects but also come with their own set of side effects, including dry cough, hyperkalemia, and hypokalemia, respectively. Beta blockers are used when patients have underlying conditions such as a previous heart attack or angina, but with caution, as they can cause masking of hypoglycemia. This review also discusses emerging therapies such as SGLT2 (Sodium-Glucose CoTransporter-2) inhibitors. Hence, all these drugs can offer additional benefits in addition to lowering blood pressure if chosen properly and tailored to suit the patient’s overall health needs.

Indexed as

Antihypertensive therapyCardiovascular riskDiabetes mellitusHypertensionInsulin resistanceMetabolic effectsRenin-angiotensin system blockadeVascular complications

Identifiers

PMID41703653
PMCPMC12914936

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.