Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41704089›Full record

SynthesisClinical and experimental dental research2026

The Effectiveness of Ketorolac in Relieving Pain Associated With Root Canal Therapy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Ruijing Ping, Xiaoning Kang, Ruizhen Fang, Haozhen Wang, Li-An Wu

Abstract readSystematic ReviewMeta-Analysis
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Clinical and experimental dental research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Ruijing PingState Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.ORCID 0009-0006-0978-4456
Xiaoning KangState Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
Ruizhen FangState Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
Haozhen WangState Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.ORCID 0009-0000-4792-1833
Li-An WuState Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.ORCID 0000-0001-8909-328X

Funding

Health Research Innovation Team Support Program of Shaanxi 2023TD-01National Natural Science Foundation of China 82370986
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesEffective management of post-endodontic pain is crucial for patient comfort. Although ketorolac is used for this purpose, its efficacy relative to other analgesics remains uncertain. This study systematically assesses evidence from randomized clinical trials that investigate the comparative effectiveness of ketorolac and other analgesic agents for the control of post-endodontic pain. MATERIAL AND

methodsThis study conducted a comprehensive search across several databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Cochrane Library, Embase, Scopus, SinoMed, CNKI, Webvpn, and Wanfang Data. Search deadline was around August 2025. The study employed the inverse variance approach and a random effects model to analyze continuous data, utilizing the standardized mean as the comprehensive effect indicator. For dichotomous data, this study applied the risk ratio (RR), fixed-effect analysis model, and Mantel-Haenszel statistical methods.

resultsOur database search identified 386 potentially relevant studies. Ultimately, seven studies were selected for qualitative analysis, and five were chosen for quantitative analysis. The qualitative assessment indicated that five studies favored ketorolac, one study reported similar analgesic effects between ketorolac and alternative medications, while one study concluded that ketorolac was less effective. The quantitative analysis demonstrated a statistically significant difference in the analgesic effect of ketorolac compared to other drugs at 6 h post-administration. However, the analgesic effects of ketorolac did not show statistically significant differences compared to other medications at 12 or 24 h post-administration. Additionally, a lower proportion of patients required supplementary drug treatment after receiving ketorolac compared to those treated with other analgesics.

conclusionThis meta-analysis concluded that ketorolac is effective for managing post-endodontic pain within the first 6 h and reduces the need for rescue medication compared to alternatives, thereby supporting its use as a favorable option following root canal treatment.

Indexed as

Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-SteroidalKetorolacPostoperative PainRoot Canal TherapyHumansRandomized Controlled Trials as TopicTreatment OutcomeAnti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-SteroidalKetorolacanalgesic effectsendodonticsketorolacpain evaluationpulpitis

Identifiers

PMID41704089
PMCPMC12914131

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.