Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41704600›Full record

ReviewBiochemistry and biophysics reports2026

Noncoding RNAs and the phytochemical economy: Molecular regulators of secondary metabolism in medicinal plants.

Okechukwu Paul-Chima Ugwu, Melvin Nnaaemeka Ugwu, Hope Onohuean, Hilal Ahmad Rather, Ibe Michael Usman

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Biochemistry and biophysics reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Okechukwu Paul-Chima UgwuDepartment of Research, Publication and Extension, Kampala International University, Kampala, Uganda.
Melvin Nnaaemeka UgwuDepartment of Research, Publication and Extension, Kampala International University, Kampala, Uganda.
Hope OnohueanBiopharmaceutics Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Kampala International University Uganda, Ishaka-Bushenyi, Western Campus, Uganda.
Hilal Ahmad RatherDepartment of Biochemistry Kampala International University Uganda, Western Campus, Uganda.
Ibe Michael UsmanDepartment of Human Anatomy Faculty of Biomedical Science Kampala International University, Uganda.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Medicinal plants produce specialised (secondary) metabolites including alkaloids, terpenoids, flavonoids and phenolics that underpin pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals and traditional therapeutics. Although enzyme-encoding genes and transcription factors are established regulators of these pathways, accumulating evidence indicates that noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) provide additional, and in some contexts decisive, regulatory control. Objective: To synthesise and critically appraise evidence on how plant ncRNAs microRNAs (miRNAs), small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs) regulate secondary metabolism in medicinal plants, and to map translational opportunities and unresolved gaps. Methods: We conducted a narrative review with a systematic synthesis across PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science Core Collection, CAB Abstracts and AGRICOLA, supplemented by Google Scholar screening using SANRA. Results: Across medicinal and non-model plant systems, miRNAs repeatedly target transcription factors that control biosynthetic pathways (e.g., MYB/bHLH/WRKY families) and, in some cases, key enzymes (e.g., PAL/CHS/DFR modules), thereby supporting stress-responsive and developmentally timed reprogramming of metabolite profiles. siRNAs contribute through RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM) and regulation of transposons and gene clusters. lncRNAs modulate chromatin accessibility and function as scaffolds or decoys, including as competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) 'sponges', whereas circRNAs are emerging as relatively stable regulatory hubs that may influence miRNA availability and stress-associated transcriptional states. Evidence quality varies across ncRNA classes and species, and mechanistic validation in medicinal plants remains inconsistent. Conclusions: ncRNAs constitute a multilayer regulatory system shaping the 'phytochemical economy' of medicinal plants. Progress towards translation will require standardised ncRNA annotation resources, rigorous causal validation, and integrated multi-omics study designs to support precision metabolic engineering and sustainable phytochemical production.

Indexed as

Medicinal plantsMetabolic engineeringNoncoding RNAsRNA-Directed DNA methylation (RdDM)RNA-Mediated epigenetic controlSecondary metabolism

Identifiers

PMID41704600
PMCPMC12907886

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.