Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41704692›Full record

SynthesisFrontiers in medicine2026

Risk prediction models for hepatic encephalopathy following TIPS: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Ziji Fang, Zhenwei Liu, ZaiChun Pu, Qi Xia, Qin Zhang, Li Wang, Ping Jia, Xiaobin Tang

Abstract readSystematic Review
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Frontiers in medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Ziji Fang *School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
Zhenwei Liu *Department of Neurosurgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
ZaiChun PuXindu District People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China.
Qi XiaDepartment of PICC Nursing Center, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
Qin ZhangDepartment of Day Surgery Ward, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
Li WangDepartment of Neurosurgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
Ping JiaDepartment of Neurosurgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
Xiaobin TangDepartment of Retired Personnel, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background and aims: Numerous risk-prediction models for hepatic encephalopathy (HE) after TIPS have been proposed, but their quality, discrimination, and clinical utility remain uncertain. We aimed to identify key predictors of post-TIPS HE and to critically appraise existing models. Methods: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies (inception 15 July 2025) from Chinese (VIP, Wanfang, CNKI, and CBM) and international (Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library) databases. Model quality and bias were assessed via PROBAST. Pooled AUCs and predictor effect sizes were calculated using STATA 15.0 and MedCalc. Results: A total of 24 studies (5,197 patients) yielded 32 unique models; the incidence of HE ranged from 19.9 to 46.6%. Discrimination was generally good (AUC range, 0.64-1.00; 30 models >0.70; 22 > 0.80). PROBAST flagged high bias-especially in model analysis. A meta-analysis produced a summary AUC of 0.815 (95%CI, 0.780-0.849). Consistent predictors ( Conclusion: Existing post-TIPS HE models demonstrate strong discrimination but suffer methodological limitations and bias. Future studies should employ multicenter cohorts, harmonized definitions, rigorous analytics, and external validation to yield robust, clinically actionable tools. Systematic review registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD42024597699, CRD42024597699.

Indexed as

hepatic encephalopathypredictive modelsrisk factorssystematic review/meta-analysistransjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt

Identifiers

PMID41704692
PMCPMC12907307

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.