Evidence mapPaperPMID 41705420Full record

Trial reportDiabetes, obesity & metabolism2026

Effect of lixisenatide on arterial stiffness in people with type 2 diabetes and kidney disease: Results of a randomised controlled trial.

Nikolaos Fountoulakis, Panagiotis Pavlou, Dimitra Stathi, Aicha Goubar, Antonella Corcillo, Maria Flaquer, Salma Ayis, Luigi Gnudi, Janaka Karalliedde

Abstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
In one paragraph

Trial report in Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Nikolaos FountoulakisSchool of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
Panagiotis PavlouSchool of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4106-4911
Dimitra StathiSchool of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
Aicha GoubarSchool of Population Health & Environmental Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
Antonella CorcilloSchool of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
Maria FlaquerSchool of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
Salma AyisSchool of Population Health & Environmental Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
Luigi GnudiSchool of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
Janaka KarallieddeSchool of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2617-8320

Funding

Sanofi Aventis
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivePeople with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and diabetes are at high risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Aortic pulse wave velocity (Ao-PWV) is an independent predictor of CVD. Cardiovascular outcome trials (CVOTs) with glucagon like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA) class demonstrate notable differences, with lixisenatide having neutral effects as compared to longer acting GLP-1 RA. It is unknown if shorter acting GLP-1 RA have an impact on Ao-PWV and if this may explain the discordance observed in GLP-1RA CVOTs. MATERIALS AND

methodsWe studied people with type 2 diabetes and CKD in a proof-of-concept single centre, randomised, double-blind parallel-group placebo-controlled study that evaluated 24 weeks' treatment with lixisenatide as compared to placebo on the primary endpoint of Ao-PWV.

resultsIn total, 101 participants (male 66%) were randomised of whom 90 were eligible for analyses (lixisenatide [n = 47] and placebo [n = 43]). Ao-PWV did not change significantly from baseline after 24 weeks of treatment with final mean (95% confidence intervals) of 9.65 (9.17, 10.13) m/s with lixisenatide and 9.96 (9.45, 10.46) m/s with placebo, p = 0.38. Similarly, no significant changes were observed in cardio-renal risk biomarkers including albuminuria and Klotho levels. HbA1c decreased with lixisenatide as compared to placebo.

conclusionsIn people with CKD and type 2 diabetes the use of short-acting GLP-1 RA lixisenatide did not significantly influence Ao-PWV. Further studies are needed to understand mechanisms that may explain discordance in CVOTs results observed with GLP-1 RA. CLINICAL

trial registrationISRCTN: ISRCTN97699312; EudraCT/CTIS number: 2016-001758-17.

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2Diabetic NephropathiesHypoglycemic AgentsPeptidesRenal Insufficiency, ChronicVascular StiffnessAgedDouble-Blind MethodFemaleGlucagon-Like Peptide 1Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor AgonistsGlucagon-Like Peptide-2 ReceptorHumansMaleMiddle AgedPulse Wave AnalysisGlucagon-Like Peptide 1Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor AgonistsGlucagon-Like Peptide-2 ReceptorHypoglycemic AgentslixisenatidePeptidesaortic pulse wave velocityarterial stiffnessdiabetic kidney diseaseGLP‐1 receptor agonist

Identifiers

PMID41705420
PMCPMC12992176

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.