Evidence mapPaperPMID 41705428Full record

SynthesisEuropean psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists2026

Magnitude of response in treatment and control groups within psychedelic trials for psychiatric disorders: A meta-analysis.

Shakila Meshkat, Qiaowei Lin, Rachel Sousa-Ho, Ilya Demchenko, Richard J Zeifman, Howell Fang, Amy C Reichelt, Yanbo Zhang, Lisa Burback, Olga Winkler and 8 more

Abstract readMeta-AnalysisSystematic Review
In one paragraph

Synthesis in European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

18 authors.

Shakila MeshkatUnity Health Toronto, Canada.
Qiaowei LinUnity Health Toronto, Canada.
Rachel Sousa-HoUnity Health Toronto, Canada.
Ilya DemchenkoUnity Health Toronto, Canada.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7876-4981
Richard J ZeifmanNYU Grossman School of Medicine, USA.
Howell FangUnity Health Toronto, Canada.
Amy C ReicheltThe University of Adelaide, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0637-0411
Yanbo ZhangUniversity of Alberta, Canada.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2421-157X
Lisa BurbackUniversity of Alberta, Canada.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9591-4355
Olga WinklerUniversity of Alberta, Canada.
Andrew GreenshawUniversity of Alberta, Canada.
Candice M MonsonToronto Metropolitan University, Canada.
Eric VermettenLeiden University, Netherlands.
Rakesh JetlyUniversity of Ottawa, Canada.
Wendy LouUniversity of Toronto, Canada.
Muhammad Ishrat HusainUniversity of Toronto, Canada.
Matthew J BurkeUniversity of Toronto, Canada.
Venkat BhatUniversity of Toronto, Canada.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundPsychedelic-assisted psychotherapy has shown potential for psychiatric disorders. However, the magnitude of symptom change in control groups remains poorly understood. We aim to evaluate within-group effects in control groups and compare them to treatment groups in psychedelic trials.

methodsA systematic search was conducted up to 1 July 2025. The study protocol was preregistered in PROSPERO (CRD420251111853).

resultsFourteen randomized controlled trials (n = 643) were included. Direct between-arm meta-analyses showed greater symptom reductions in treatment compared with control across outcomes, including depressive symptoms (number of study arms [k] = 13; SMD = -0.82; 95% CI = -1.17, -0.47; I

conclusionsControl groups in psychedelic trials demonstrated substantial symptom improvement, which may reflect non-specific trial factors (including expectancy and concurrent psychotherapy). These findings emphasize the importance of robust control conditions in psychedelic research and the need for nuanced interpretation of treatment effects.

Indexed as

HallucinogensMental DisordersPsychotherapyControl GroupsHumansRandomized Controlled Trials as TopicStress Disorders, Post-TraumaticTreatment OutcomeHallucinogenshallucinogensmental disordersmeta-analysispsychedelicsrandomized controlled trial

Identifiers

PMID41705428
PMCPMC13122533

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.