Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41705592›Full record

ArticleAndrology2026

Penile Hemodynamic Patterns Highlighting the Impact of Diabetes in Young Men With Erectile Dysfunction.

Yi-Chia Hsieh, Yu-Chiao Lin, Chia-Min Liu, Jen-Hao Kuo, Hau-Chern Jan, Ying-Chien Ou, Yung-Ming Lin, Yu-Sheng Cheng, Tsung-Yen Lin

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Article in Andrology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Yi-Chia HsiehDepartment of Urology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
Yu-Chiao LinDepartment of Urology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
Chia-Min LiuDepartment of Urology, Tainan Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Tainan, Taiwan.
Jen-Hao KuoDepartment of Urology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8105-1787
Hau-Chern JanDepartment of Urology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
Ying-Chien OuDepartment of Urology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7934-4882
Yung-Ming LinDepartment of Urology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
Yu-Sheng ChengDepartment of Urology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3981-8657
Tsung-Yen LinDepartment of Urology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4265-0226

Funding

National Cheng Kung University Hospital A-ER-111-405
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundErectile dysfunction (ED) in young men is often assumed to be psychogenic, which may lead to underdiagnosis of organic causes such as vasculogenic ED, particularly in the absence of overt comorbidities.

objectivesThis study aims to investigate the clinical manifestations, risk assessment, and penile hemodynamic pattern in younger ED patients, with a particular focus on identifying factors associated with vasculogenic ED. MATERIALS AND

methodsWe retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients who sought evaluation for ED and underwent penile Doppler ultrasound (PDU) between May 2016 and April 2023. Patients were categorized into younger (≤40 years) and older (>40 years) groups. Clinical characteristics, comprehensive biochemical parameters, and PDU results were collected and analyzed.

resultsAmong 1007 ED patients enrolled, 200 were classified as younger ED (19.9%) and had fewer systemic comorbidities than older patients. Notably, 21.5% of younger ED patients exhibited penile vasculogenic dysfunction. Diabetes mellitus (DM) emerged as the strongest independent predictor of vasculogenic ED (OR 5.60, p = 0.015) and moderate to severe ED (OR 4.75, p = 0.023). Younger ED patients with DM demonstrated significantly lower peak systolic velocity (PSV), elevated end-diastolic velocity (EDV), and a reduced resistive index (RI) compared with their non-diabetic counterparts. The prevalence of vasculogenic ED was highest in DM patients (58.3%), followed by prediabetes (25%) and non-DM (17.8%). DISCUSSION AND

conclusionA substantial portion of young men with ED have underlying vasculogenic causes, especially related to diabetes. Early vascular impairment can be detected via PDU, even in patients without classic risk factors. This highlights the importance of considering penile vascular assessment and metabolic screening in the evaluation of younger ED patients to guide timely intervention and prevent long-term complications.

Indexed as

Diabetes MellitusErectile DysfunctionHemodynamicsImpotence, VasculogenicPenisAdultAge FactorsHumansMaleMiddle AgedRetrospective StudiesRisk FactorsUltrasonography, DopplerYoung Adultdiabetes mellitusearly‐onset erectile dysfunctionerectile dysfunctionpenile Dopplervasculogenic erectile dysfunction

Identifiers

PMID41705592
PMCPMC13432574

What Socratic holds

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.