Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41706179›Full record

ArticleActa diabetologica2026

Therapeutic role of gut microbial metabolite indole propionic acid in a rat model of high-fat diet/Streptozotocin-Induced diabetes: enhancing glucose metabolism, antioxidant defense and PI3K/Akt/GLUT4 signaling pathway.

Nayab Shuja, Imran Tarique, Sehrish Sohail, Iram Taalay

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In one paragraph

Article in Acta diabetologica, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Nayab Shuja *Department of Biomedicine, Atta-Ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences & Technology, H-12 Sector Main Campus, 44000, Islamabad City, Pakistan.
Imran Tarique *Department of Biomedicine, Atta-Ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences & Technology, H-12 Sector Main Campus, 44000, Islamabad City, Pakistan. samoo_imran88@hotmail.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2931-8816
Sehrish SohailDepartment of Biomedicine, Atta-Ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences & Technology, H-12 Sector Main Campus, 44000, Islamabad City, Pakistan.
Iram TaalayDepartment of Biomedicine, Atta-Ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences & Technology, H-12 Sector Main Campus, 44000, Islamabad City, Pakistan.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance, chronic hyperglycemia, and oxidative stress. Recent research has highlighted the therapeutic potential of gut microbiota-derived metabolites in regulating glucose homeostasis.

aimThis study evaluated the antidiabetic effects of indole propionic acid (IPA) in a streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat model.

methodMale Wistar rats (n = 30) were divided into Control, T2DM, T2DM + IPA, T2DM+metformin, and IPA-only groups. Following four weeks of oral IPA administration, biochemical, histological, molecular, and metabolomic assessments were performed.

resultsIPA treatment significantly reduced fasting blood glucose levels, improved body weight, and normalized food intake in diabetic rats. Histopathological analysis revealed that IPA preserved pancreatic islet architecture and increased both islet cell counts and diameter. Furthermore, IPA markedly enhanced antioxidant defenses by elevating superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities while reducing malondialdehyde (MDA) content in pancreatic tissue. Molecular analysis showed that IPA upregulated the expression of key insulin signaling genes-PI3K, Akt, and GLUT4-in skeletal muscle and downregulated mTOR expression in pancreatic tissue, indicating improved insulin sensitivity. Molecular docking suggested a potential direct interaction between IPA and GLUT4/PI3K, supporting the gene expression data.

conclusionThese findings highlight the multifaceted antidiabetic potential of IPA, supporting its use as a promising therapeutic agent for managing T2DM and its associated metabolic dysfunctions.

Indexed as

AntioxidantsDiabetes Mellitus, ExperimentalDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Gastrointestinal MicrobiomeGlucoseHypoglycemic AgentsIndolesPropionatesAnimalsBlood GlucoseDiet, High-FatGlucose Transporter Type 4MaleOxidative StressPhosphatidylinositol 3-KinasesProto-Oncogene Proteins c-aktAntioxidantsBlood GlucoseGlucoseGlucose Transporter Type 4Hypoglycemic Agentsindolepropionic acidIndolesPhosphatidylinositol 3-KinasesPropionatesProto-Oncogene Proteins c-aktSlc2a4 protein, ratStreptozocinDiabetes mellitusGLUT4Indole propionic acidPI3K

Identifiers

PMID41706179

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.