Evidence mapPaperPMID 41706377Full record

ReviewMetabolic brain disease2026

Neuro-renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system axis in alzheimer's disease: from molecular dysregulation to therapeutic redirection.

Gursimran Singh, Kousik Maparu, Khadga Raj Aran

Abstract readReview
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In one paragraph

Review in Metabolic brain disease, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Gursimran SinghDepartment of Pharmacy Practice, ISF College of Pharmacy (An Autonomous College), Moga, Punjab, 142001, India.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0004-1876-222X
Kousik MaparuDepartment of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy (An Autonomous College), Moga, Punjab, 142001, India.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7033-7790
Khadga Raj AranDepartment of Pharmacy Practice, ISF College of Pharmacy (An Autonomous College), Moga, Punjab, 142001, India. khadgaraj@isfcp.org.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2450-2975

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by progressive neurodegeneration marked by tau hyperphosphorylation, amyloid-beta (Aβ) buildup, neuroinflammation, and blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction. Although much attention is paid to understanding amyloid and tau pathologies, there are still no disease-modifying solutions. Recent evidence indicates that the brain-specific Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS), conventionally involved in the regulation of cardiovascular diseases, could be central in controlling the key neuropathological alterations in AD. This review explains the binary roles of the classical (ACE/Ang II/AT₁R) and alternative (ACE 2 /Ang-(1-7)/MasR) axis of the RAAS in the central nervous system (CNS), including how overactivation of the classical axis intensifies oxidative stress and Aβ plaque formation, tau hyperphosphorylation, and BBB disruption, and how the alternative axis is neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and vasodilatory effects. We integrate molecular, cellular, and translational information about RAAS-mediated regulation of neurovascular integrity, glial activation, and synaptic resilience. We also discuss the repurposing of centrally acting ACE inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs), as well as next-generation MasR agonists and recombinant ACE2, as promising tools to re-establish neuro-RAAS balance. These findings together support a paradigm shift of the RAAS as a system-level therapeutic axis in AD. Conclusively, there is a need to highlight the necessity of specific CNS biomarkers and the accuracy of medicine models that can direct interventions on RAAS-related actions and redesign AD administration beyond symptom resolution to modify the disease.

Indexed as

Alzheimer DiseaseBrainRenin-Angiotensin SystemAmyloid beta-PeptidesAnimalsBlood-Brain BarrierHumansOxidative StressPeptidyl-Dipeptidase AAmyloid beta-PeptidesPeptidyl-Dipeptidase AACEAlzheimer’s diseaseMasReceptorNeuroinflammationRAAS

Identifiers

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.