Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41707649›Full record

ArticleCell reports. Medicine2026

Functional human salivary gland organoids for tissue regeneration in chemically defined culture systems.

Xinyuan Zhang, Yingyue Chai, Jiaxuan Qiu, Xiaofeng Shan, Shang Xie, Yi Sui, Zhigang Cai

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Cell reports. Medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Xinyuan ZhangDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China; National Center for Stomatology, Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Beijing, China; National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing, China.
Yingyue ChaiDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China; National Center for Stomatology, Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Beijing, China; National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing, China.
Jiaxuan QiuDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.
Xiaofeng ShanDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China; National Center for Stomatology, Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Beijing, China; National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing, China.
Shang XieDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China; National Center for Stomatology, Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Beijing, China; National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing, China.
Yi SuiNational Center for Stomatology, Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Beijing, China; National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing, China; Department of Oral Emergency, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China. Electronic address: 2364012648@bjmu.edu.cn.
Zhigang CaiDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China; National Center for Stomatology, Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Beijing, China; National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing, China. Electronic address: c2013xs@163.com.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Regenerative therapies for salivary gland dysfunction remain unavailable. We establish a fully chemically defined, xeno-free three-dimensional culture system to generate functional human salivary gland organoids. These organoids recapitulate the typical glandular architecture and display multilineage cellular composition, supporting long-term expansion with high transcriptomic fidelity to the primary tissue. The organoids exhibit key salivary functions, including glycoprotein secretion, amylase expression, and calcium flux in response to cholinergic stimulation. Single-cell transcriptomic analysis reveals preserved epithelial heterogeneity within the organoids and indicates a basal-to-ductal-to-acinar bifurcated differentiation trajectory. In the orthotopic transplantation model using non-obese diabetic mice with Sjögren syndrome, the organoids significantly improve salivary secretion. In the ectopic subrenal capsule transplantation model using immunodeficient mice, the organoids achieve glandular tissue reconstruction and vascularization. This study establishes a robust, functionally mature, and clinically translatable human salivary gland organoid system as a platform for tissue regeneration therapies targeting salivary hypofunction disorders such as Sjögren syndrome.

Indexed as

OrganoidsRegenerationSalivary GlandsAnimalsCell DifferentiationFemaleHumansMiceMice, Inbred NODSjogren's Syndromechemically defined culturefunctional tissue reconstructionorganoid transplantationsalivary gland regeneration

Identifiers

PMID41707649
PMCPMC12923968

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.