ArticleBMJ open2026
Epidemiological investigation of perinatal depression among pregnant and postpartum women: findings from a cross-sectional survey in the Philippines.
Article in BMJ open, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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18 authors.
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Abstract
objectiveThis study investigated perinatal depressive symptoms among pregnant and postpartum Filipino women.
designCross-sectional survey.
settingThe Philippines.
participantsParticipants were recruited online and face-to-face from maternal care facilities. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURE: Perinatal depressive symptoms were assessed using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) score, with prevalence calculated based on ≥13 cut-off, indicating clinically significant symptoms of depression. Patterns of depressive symptoms were examined by demographics, perinatal time period and other obstetric information using adjusted regression coefficients (a
resultsA total of 856 women participated in the study, comprising 356 pregnant and 500 postpartum women. EPDS scores were, on average, similar between pregnant (14.4) and postpartum women (14.1). Using the locally validated cut-off of ≥13 revealed that 69.1% of pregnant and 62.0% of postpartum women reported clinically significant depressive symptoms. Consistent EPDS scores and prevalence were observed across pregnancy trimesters and within 12 months postpartum and beyond. Women who received adequate prenatal care were less likely to experience antenatal (a
conclusionsAt least 60% Filipino mothers experienced clinically significant perinatal depressive symptoms, which exceeds the established global average of 25%. Younger and single postpartum women were at greater risk, while pregnant and postpartum women who attended adequate prenatal visits were less likely to report depressive symptoms. Our study underscores the need for further research to uncover the true burden of poor perinatal mental health and calls for targeted early interventions and integrative public health strategies to support at-risk mothers, particularly those from socially disadvantaged backgrounds.
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