ReviewJournal of nanobiotechnology2026
Steering spherical nucleic acids over metabolic organs for improved targeted drug delivery.
Review in Journal of nanobiotechnology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Spherical nucleic acids (SNAs) represent a class of nanomaterials typically composed of a nanoparticle (NP) core functionalized with a dense shell of oligonucleotides. This architecture confers several advantageous properties, including enhanced cellular uptake, high nuclease stability, low immunogenicity, and minimal cytotoxicity, making SNAs a promising platform for biomedical applications. Nevertheless, several challenges currently hinder their clinical translation, among which unintended accumulation in non-target organs remains a significant limitation. This review begins by introducing the organs involved in the uptake of nanoparticles, providing a concise overview of the characteristics of NP accumulation in major organs such as the liver, kidneys, and spleen. Furthermore, highlights the potential mechanisms underlying these distribution patterns and extends the discussion to SNAs. Subsequently, reviews the latest strategies for improving the in vivo distribution of SNAs from three primary perspectives: modifying the SNA structure, engineering the surface and modulating the microenvironment surrounding SNAs. Finally, based on the current state of SNA research, discusses key challenges facing existing strategies, as well as the promising prospects of this field. It is hoped that this review will provide valuable insights and guidance for the development and rational design of novel SNAs.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.