Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41709261›Full record

ArticleBMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation2026

Comparison of gait characteristics at different postoperative phases following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.

Chao Liu, Heng Liu, ZiHao Sun, XiangZhan Jiang, BaoHua Liu

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Chao LiuDepartment of Sports Training, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin, China.
Heng LiuDepartment of Sports Training, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin, China.
ZiHao SunDepartment of Special Education and Rehabilitation, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai City, Shandong Province, China.
XiangZhan JiangDepartment of Special Education and Rehabilitation, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai City, Shandong Province, China. xzjiang@bzmc.edu.cn.
BaoHua LiuDepartment of Social Sports, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin, China. liubaohua8259@163.com.

Funding

2023 Higher Education Science Research Plan Project of the China Association of Higher Education 23ZYJ0228Science and Technology Development Project of the Chinese Association of Rehabilitation Medicine KFKT-2023-026Scientific Foundation of Binzhou Medical University 50012304488
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo characterize gait characteristics at different phases after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction and inform rehabilitation assessment.

methodsThis cross-sectional study enrolled 100 patients following unilateral ACL reconstruction with autologous hamstring tendon grafts, stratified into five postoperative phases (n = 20 each): Group A (1.5–3 months), Group B (3–6 months), Group C (6–9 months), Group D (9–12 months), and Group E (≥ 12 months). Twenty age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers constituted the control group (Group F). Spatiotemporal parameters, gait cycle phases, center of pressure trajectory, and plantar pressure distribution were measured using the Zebris FDM-T system. Interlimb and intergroup statistical comparisons were conducted using appropriate parametric and non-parametric tests as indicated by data distribution.

results(1) On the involved side, Group A demonstrated significantly reduced step length, stride length, and gait velocity compared to all other groups, whereas Group E showed no significant differences relative to controls. Step width in Group A was significantly greater than in Groups C–F. (2) Significant interlimb asymmetry was observed in Groups A–C but not in Groups D–E. In Group A, loading response and double support phases were prolonged, whereas the mid-stance phase was shortened. Group E demonstrated no significant differences compared to controls. (3) On the involved side, gait line length and single support line length were significantly shorter compared to the uninvolved side across Groups A–E. Group A exhibited significantly shorter parameter values and greater mediolateral displacement compared to Groups C–F. COP trajectory parameters in Group E showed substantially attenuated differences relative to controls. (4) Rearfoot pressure on the involved side was significantly lower than on the uninvolved side across Groups A–E. All regional plantar pressure measurements in Group A were significantly reduced compared to Groups C–F. Conversely, Group E exhibited plantar pressure profiles equivalent to controls.

conclusionGait characteristics after ACL reconstruction peak at 1.5–3 months and largely normalize by 12 months, though COP trajectory and rearfoot pressure asymmetry persist, informing clinical assessment of postoperative recovery.

trial registrationChinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR2400087325. Registered on 25/07/2024.

Indexed as

Anterior cruciate ligament reconstructionCenter of pressureGait analysisGait cyclePlantar pressureSpatiotemporal parameters

Identifiers

PMID41709261
PMCPMC13020404

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.