ArticleObesity (Silver Spring, Md.)2026
Hunger on the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire Is Associated With Increased Ad Libitum Energy Intake in Different Conditions.
Article in Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02939404 (Energy Intake Response to Short-Term Alterations of Energy Expenditure in Humans), which is not on this map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Energy Intake Response to Short-Term Alterations of Energy Expenditure in Humans
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0 citing papers in PubMed.
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveThis study aimed to assess how food-related behavioral traits, examined with the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ) and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), influence ad libitum intake after fasting and during and after cold exposure compared to thermoneutral conditions, beyond what is explained by energy expenditure alone.
methodsHealthy participants (n = 46; 30 males; age 36.9 ± 10.5 years; BMI 32.3 ± 8.7 kg/m
resultsTotal hunger score predicted intake across all five conditions (β = 0.58 MJ/day, p = 0.02). Internal and external subscales also predicted intake in separate models (β = 1.04 MJ/day, p = 0.02; β = 1.46 MJ/day, p = 0.01). Participants ate more during the cold condition than during thermoneutrality (mean = 1.69 MJ/day, or 404 kcal/day, p = 0.009). Higher external hunger scores correlated with greater intake (partial r = 0.38; p = 0.01), but internal hunger scores did not (partial r = 0.22, p = 0.16), after accounting for sex, race, fat mass, and fat-free mass. Restraint, disinhibition, and PSS were not associated with intake.
conclusionsIncreased susceptibility to hunger cues, particularly external cues, was associated with higher food intake during cold stress. These findings suggest that behavioral approaches, such as reducing responsivity to food cues, are important targets for weight loss interventions.
trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02939404.
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