Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41710577›Full record

ReviewDrug design, development and therapy2026

Tumor Targeting with Peptide-Drug Conjugates: Showcasing Key Progress and Hurdles.

Keykavous Parang, Thuy Do, Clare Dinh, Dorna Davani-Davari, Max Foroughi, Troy Khong, Mahsa Moazen, Amir Nasrolahi Shirazi

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Drug design, development and therapy, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Keykavous ParangDepartment of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Targeted Drug Delivery, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Irvine, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-8600-0893
Thuy DoDepartment of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Targeted Drug Delivery, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Irvine, CA, USA.
Clare DinhDepartment of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Targeted Drug Delivery, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Irvine, CA, USA.
Dorna Davani-DavariDepartment of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Targeted Drug Delivery, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Irvine, CA, USA.
Max ForoughiDepartment of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Targeted Drug Delivery, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Irvine, CA, USA.
Troy KhongDepartment of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Targeted Drug Delivery, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Irvine, CA, USA.
Mahsa MoazenDepartment of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Targeted Drug Delivery, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Irvine, CA, USA.
Amir Nasrolahi ShiraziDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Marshall B. Ketchum University, Fullerton, CA, USA.

Funding

Peptide-Doxorubicin Conjugates for Mitigating Cardiotoxicity and Overcoming Drug Resistance in CancerR15CA301437 · NCI · CHAPMAN UNIVERSITY · PI PARANG, KEYKAVOUS, YANG, SUN · 2025 to 2025
$416k
NCI NIH HHS R15 CA301437
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Peptide-drug conjugates (PDCs) are modular, targeted therapeutics composed of a homing peptide linked to a cytotoxic or modulating drug payload via a cleavable/non-cleavable linker. PDCs utilize peptide targeting to enhance the delivery of potent drugs to tumors, providing advantages such as superior tissue penetration, reduced immunogenicity, and simpler manufacture compared to antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs). A comparison of PDCs versus ADCs highlights that PDCs' small size (~1-3 kDa) enables deeper tumor penetration and faster clearance, whereas ADCs (~150 kDa) benefit from prolonged circulation but suffer from limited tissue diffusion. This review surveys recent advances in PDC design and application. We discuss key design elements (targeting peptides, cleavable/non-cleavable linkers, and payloads) and how these drive mechanisms of tumor delivery and intracellular drug release. Mechanistically, PDCs bind receptors or translocate across membranes, undergo endocytosis, and exploit stimuli-responsive linkers or cell-penetrating peptides to release drugs. Many PDCs can self-assemble into nanoscale structures in aqueous environments. We illustrate PDC concepts through specific instances, such as the brain-penetrant paclitaxel trevatide (ANG1005, paclitaxel-Angiopep-2), the radiotherapeutic lutetium (

Indexed as

Antineoplastic AgentsDrug Delivery SystemsNeoplasmsPeptidesAnimalsHumansAntineoplastic AgentsPeptidesantibody-drug conjugatecancerdrug deliverylinker chemistrynanotechnologypeptide-drug conjugatetargeting peptidetheranosticstumor penetration

Identifiers

PMID41710577
PMCPMC12912028

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.