Evidence mapPaperPMID 41710895Full record

ReviewFrontiers in immunology2026

The impact of obesity-related systemic inflammation on the efficacy, toxicity, and biomarkers of immune checkpoint inhibitors in lung cancer: from mechanisms to clinical management.

Yewei Cai, Tianxing Ni

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Yewei CaiDepartment of Cardiothoracic Vascular Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Xiaoshan District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
Tianxing NiDepartment of Cardiothoracic Vascular Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Xiaoshan District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized the treatment landscape of lung cancer, yet the heterogeneity in their efficacy and toxicity among different patients remains a significant clinical challenge. Obesity, as a global epidemic associated with chronic low-grade systemic inflammation and complex immunometabolic disturbances, has been identified as a crucial regulatory factor in cancer immunotherapy response. This review aims to systematically and deeply explore the intricate network of interactions between obesity, lung cancer, and immunotherapy. We not only examine the molecular and cellular mechanisms by which obesity-related inflammation influences ICI efficacy through remodeling the tumor microenvironment, altering systemic immune status, and modulating the gut microbiota, but also comprehensively assess its complex impact on clinical outcomes of ICI (including the controversial "obesity paradox" phenomenon) and immune-related adverse events (irAEs), particularly those uniquely associated with endocrine toxicity. Simultaneously, we systematically review novel biomarkers centered around obesity-related inflammatory parameters and body composition (such as circulating adipokines and radiomic features) and their application in integrative predictive models. Finally, based on available evidence, we propose multidisciplinary, longitudinal clinical management strategies tailored for obese lung cancer patients and envision novel combination treatment directions targeting the obesity-inflammation axis, aiming to provide theoretical support and practical guidance for achieving more precise, individualized immunotherapy.

Indexed as

Immune Checkpoint InhibitorsInflammationLung NeoplasmsObesityAnimalsBiomarkersBiomarkers, TumorHumansImmunotherapyTreatment OutcomeTumor MicroenvironmentBiomarkersBiomarkers, TumorImmune Checkpoint Inhibitorsbiomarkersbody compositionimmune checkpoint inhibitorsimmunotherapylung cancernflammationobesitytumor microenvironment

Identifiers

PMID41710895
PMCPMC12909173

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.