ArticleArchives of virology2026
Genomic surveillance of Influenza, SARS-CoV-2, and RSV in patients from Islamabad and Rawalpindi, Pakistan: a 2023-24 perspective.
Article in Archives of virology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Respiratory viruses, including influenza, SARS-CoV-2, and RSV, pose significant public health challenges in low-and-middle-income countries like Pakistan. This study, conducted from January-2023 to January-2024, investigated SARS-CoV-2, Influenza virus and RSV infections in individuals with respiratory symptoms and explored the genomic diversity of these viruses in Pakistan. This study analyzed 320 oropharyngeal/nasopharyngeal swabs, of which 57.1% (n = 183) tested positive for respiratory viruses using RT-PCR, including Influenza virus (59%; n = 108), SARS-CoV-2 (30%; n = 54), and RSV (11%; n = 21). Whole-genome sequencing was performed on 100 samples with Ct-value < 30, yielding 85 complete genomes: 48.24% (n = 41) were Influenza A (H3N2: 87.80%, n = 36; H1N1pdm09: 12.20%, n = 5), 45.88% (n = 39) were SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variants, and 5.88% (n = 5) were RSV-B. H3N2 sequences clustered mainly in clade 3 C.2a1b.2a.2a.3a.1 (94.4%, n = 34/36) with 99.32%–99.56% nucleotide identity to 2023 strains from Russia, USA, UK, and Pakistan, and 1.05%–1.87% divergence from the vaccine strain A/Thailand/8/2022. Key NA gene mutations included E50K, T3A in the signal peptide, and R150H, that have implications on antiviral resistance. H1N1 sequences, confined to clade 6B.1 A.5a.2a, showed high similarity (99.41%–100%) with 2022–2023 USA and Pakistan strains but increased divergence (1.44%–1.66%) from vaccine strain A/Wisconsin/588/2019, with significant mutations (K54Q, D94N, E224A) at antigenic sites., that can potentially enhance viral fitness. The SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants included GW.5, XBB.1.22, and FL, closely resembling sequences from England, Singapore, and Canada. All RSV-B sequences belonged to the GB5.0.5a G_clade, with 97.8% to 99.5% similarity to strains from England, Australia, Bangladesh, Senegal, and the USA. Notably, RSV-B exhibited a deletion (L250 to I268) in the G protein and key mutations in the F protein (S190N, S211N, and L173del), which could affect therapeutic and vaccine efficacy. These findings highlight the need for integrated surveillance of these viruses to inform public health responses.
Indexed as
Identifiers
41711975What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.