Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41714644›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2026

Evaluation of artificial intelligence identified ipratropium bromide for the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019.

Dong-Sub Jung, Seungwoo Cheon, Choon-Mee Kim, Jun-Won Seo, So Jung Sung, Da-Young Kim, Jae-Hak Lee, Wonwoo Kim, Jihoon Kang, Na-Ra Yun and 2 more

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Dong-Sub Jung *Bio-laboratory of ONCOCROSS Co., Ltd., 1301-ho, 127 Bubwon-ro, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Seungwoo Cheon *Artificial Intelligence Laboratory of ONCOCROSS Co., Ltd., #905 7 Beobwon-ro 11-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Choon-Mee KimDivision of Infectious Diseases, Departments of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
Jun-Won SeoDivision of Infectious Diseases, Departments of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
So Jung SungBio-laboratory of ONCOCROSS Co., Ltd., 1301-ho, 127 Bubwon-ro, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Da-Young KimDivision of Infectious Diseases, Departments of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
Jae-Hak LeeArtificial Intelligence Laboratory of ONCOCROSS Co., Ltd., #905 7 Beobwon-ro 11-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Wonwoo KimDepartment of Research Planning, ONCOCROSS Co., Ltd., #905 7 Beobwon-ro 11-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Jihoon KangONCOCROSS Co., Ltd., #905 7 Beobwon-ro 11-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Na-Ra YunDivision of Infectious Diseases, Departments of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
Yi Rang KimONCOCROSS Co., Ltd., #905 7 Beobwon-ro 11-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea. 99yirang@oncocross.com.
Dong-Min KimDivision of Infectious Diseases, Departments of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea. drongkim@chosun.ac.kr.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Ipratropium bromide (IB), identified through an artificial intelligence (AI)-aided drug screening platform, was evaluated for its safety and efficacy in treating severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) using a hamster model in this study. The mortality rates in the vehicle, remdesivir-treated, IB-treated, and IB-remdesivir combination treatment groups were 70%, 15%, 5%, and 50%, respectively. The IB-treated group showed significantly lower blood D-dimer levels and fibrin degradation product when compared to that in the vehicle group, indicating prevention of thrombosis-related complications. Histological examination also revealed reduced lung inflammation in the IB and combination groups, compared to that in the vehicle and remdesivir groups, with fewer neutrophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Moreover, IB may prevent thrombosis-related complications caused by severe COVID-19.

Indexed as

Antiviral AgentsArtificial IntelligenceCOVID-19 Drug TreatmentIpratropiumAdenosine MonophosphateAlanineAnimalsCOVID-19CricetinaeDisease Models, AnimalFibrin Fibrinogen Degradation ProductsLungSARS-CoV-2Adenosine MonophosphateAlanineAntiviral AgentsFibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Productsfibrin fragment DIpratropiumremdesivirAI-aided drug developmentArtificial intelligenceCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)Ipratropium bromideRemdesivirSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)

Identifiers

PMID41714644
PMCPMC12920905

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.