ArticleBMC medicine2026
Efficacy and safety of anti-prediabetic drugs in patients with prediabetes: a Bayesian network meta-analysis.
Article in BMC medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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20 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundPrediabetes refers to the transitional stage from normal glucose metabolism to diabetes. The International Diabetes Federation guidelines reported that, as of 2024, approximately 1.12 billion people globally were in the prediabetes stage. Without intervention, individuals with prediabetes are highly likely to progress to type 2 diabetes mellitus. It can be seen that prediabetes is posing a threat to human health and life and leads to a significant global public health concern.
methodsPubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched before March 29, 2025. Eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) enrolled adults with prediabetes, compared the efficacy and safety of placebo and anti-prediabetic drugs (e.g., metformin, sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, and thiazolidinedione) with a follow-up duration of at least 12 weeks. Bayesian network meta-analysis was employed in statistical analysis.
resultsFifty-five eligible RCTs involving 37 interventions with 16,610 participants were included in this study. Compared with placebo, most anti-prediabetic drugs significantly reduced levels of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) (mean difference (MD), - 0.94 ~ - 0.27%), fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (MD, - 26.42 ~ - 0.15 mg/dL), weight loss (WL) (MD, - 13.59 ~ - 5.99 kg) and body mass index (BMI) (MD, - 4.50 ~ - 0.08 kg/m
conclusionsAmong all the included interventions, GLP-1RAs, GIP/GLP-1RAs, and TZDs demonstrated favorable anti-prediabetic efficacy and acceptable safety. 2.4 mg of semaglutide SC and 15 mg of tirzepatide were the best option among the included interventions considering favorable glucose and BMI control. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: PROSPERO CRD42025636991.
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