Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41715221›Full record

ArticleAntimicrobial resistance and infection control2026

Methodological framework for the surveillance of healthcare-associated infections in high-risk infants: the NeoIPC surveillance core module protocol.

Gizem Karadağ, Adrie Bekker, Angela Dramowski, Begoña Loureiro Gonzalez, Javier Pérez López, Jose I Pijoan Zubizarreta, Paul T Heath, Seven Johannes Sam Aghdassi, Brar Piening

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In one paragraph

Article in Antimicrobial resistance and infection control, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Gizem KaradağInstitute of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany. gizem.karadag@charite.de.
Adrie Bekker *Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, Republic of South Africa.
Angela Dramowski *Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, Republic of South Africa.
Begoña Loureiro Gonzalez *Department of Pediatrics, Cruces University Hospital, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain.
Javier Pérez LópezBiobizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain.
Jose I Pijoan Zubizarreta *Biobizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain.
Paul T Heath *Centre for Neonatal & Pediatric Infection, Institute of Infection & Immunity, City St. George's, University of London, London, UK.
Seven Johannes Sam AghdassiInstitute of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Brar PieningInstitute of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundHealthcare-associated infections pose a significant risk to high-risk infants, particularly those with very low birth weight (< 1500 g) and those born very preterm (< 32 weeks gestation). The burden of healthcare-associated infections, contributing risk factors, and efficacy of prevention strategies in the neonatal population remain underinvestigated, with few national and international networks.

methodsTo address this gap, an international team of experts in neonatology, epidemiology, and infection prevention and control from diverse healthcare settings collaborated as consortium partners within the NeoIPC Project to design a surveillance program focused on healthcare-associated infections and multidrug-resistant organisms in neonatal units. Data collection includes the most prevalent neonatal healthcare-associated infections (primary and secondary bloodstream infections, clinical sepsis, pneumonia, necrotizing enterocolitis, and surgical site infections), the presence of multidrug-resistant bacteria and associated risk and protective factors for healthcare-associated infections. DISCUSSION: By providing standardized methods and reference data for benchmarking, the NeoIPC Surveillance aims to support infection prevention and antibiotic stewardship programs, improve neonatal care outcomes and foster international collaboration. This article outlines the methods of the NeoIPC Surveillance Core Module (Version 1.2), details data collection, management, and analysis, and serves as a comprehensive reference for healthcare professionals and researchers worldwide aiming to implement effective surveillance for healthcare-associated infections in neonatal units.

Indexed as

Cross InfectionEpidemiological MonitoringDrug Resistance, Multiple, BacterialHumansInfantInfant, NewbornInfant, Very Low Birth WeightInfection ControlIntensive Care Units, NeonatalRisk FactorsHealthcare-associated infectionsInfection prevention and controlMultidrug-resistant organismsNeonatal intensive care unitsSurveillance systemsVery low birth weight infant

Identifiers

PMID41715221
PMCPMC12930787

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.