ArticleVeterinary world2025
Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a native omp34 subunit vaccine against
Article in Veterinary world, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background and Aim: Materials and Methods: Female BALB/c mice (n = 13 per group) received subcutaneous injections of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), FKC, FKC + incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA), or native Omp34 + IFA on days 0, 14, and 28. Immune responses were assessed by measuring anti-Omp34 immunoglobulin (Ig)G2a levels via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, serum lysozyme activity, nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) respiratory burst, and phagocytic activity at specified intervals up to day 42. On day 42, mice were challenged intraperitoneally with a lethal dose of Results: By day 42, all immune biomarkers showed clear separation (nOmp34+IFA > FKC + IFA > PBS; p < 0.05). NBT demonstrated the strongest correlation with survival (ρ ≈ 0.90) and the highest predictive performance (Area under the curve [AUC] ≈ 0.80), exceeding IgG2a and phagocytosis (AUC ≈ 0.70). Post-challenge survival rates were 84.6% for nOmp34 + IFA, 61.5% for FKC + IFA, and 23.1% for PBS, corresponding to relative percent survival values of 80% and 50% compared to PBS. The direct comparison between nOmp34 and FKC revealed a favorable but not statistically significant survival benefit (p = 0.238). Vaccination was well-tolerated, with stable body weight, minimal reactogenicity, and no severe clinical events. Conclusion: The nOmp34 subunit vaccine elicited a strong, coordinated humoral and innate immune response, surpassing the matched bacterin in both efficacy and immune strength. NBT activity between days 35-42 proved to be a practical indicator of protection, aligning mechanistically with nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate -oxidase-mediated bacterial killing. These findings offer proof-of-concept for Omp34 as a scalable, antibiotic-sparing vaccine candidate and support its progression into aquaculture-relevant platforms within a One Health framework.
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