Evidence mapPaperPMID 41716384Full record

ReviewFrontiers in immunology2026

Roles of immune cell metabolism in rheumatoid arthritis.

Rui Xie, Zeping Chen, Shufang Deng, Xiaofeng Jiang, Yue Feng, Wei Zhao

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Rui XieDepartment of Tuina, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (West District), Chengdu Pidu District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
Zeping ChenDepartment of Tuina, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (West District), Chengdu Pidu District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
Shufang DengDepartment of Tuina, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (West District), Chengdu Pidu District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
Xiaofeng JiangDepartment of Tuina, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (West District), Chengdu Pidu District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
Yue FengSchool of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
Wei ZhaoDepartment of Tuina, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (West District), Chengdu Pidu District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by persistent synovial inflammation and progressive joint destruction. Recent advances reveal that immune cell metabolism plays a pivotal role in shaping RA pathogenesis. Aberrant glycolysis, lipid reprogramming, and amino acid catabolism drive functional alterations in T cells, B cells, macrophages, neutrophils, and fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs), promoting inflammatory cytokine production, angiogenesis, and autoantibody generation. Key metabolites-such as lactate, succinate, and glutamine-not only serve as energy substrates but also act as immunomodulatory signals via the HIF-1α, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, and NF-κB pathways, exacerbating immune dysfunction and tissue damage. The plasticity of metabolic states contributes to Treg/Th17 imbalance, proinflammatory macrophage polarization, and FLS hyperactivation. Targeting these metabolic checkpoints has shown promise in restoring immune tolerance and alleviating disease severity. This review summarizes the complex interplay between immune cell metabolism and RA pathophysiology, highlights mechanistic insights into immunometabolic reprogramming, and discusses emerging metabolic interventions that may complement conventional RA therapies.

Indexed as

Arthritis, RheumatoidEnergy MetabolismAnimalsHumansMacrophagesMetabolic ReprogrammingSignal Transductionimmune cellinflammationmetabolismreprogrammingrheumatoid arthritissynovial inflammation

Identifiers

PMID41716384
PMCPMC12913156

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.