ArticleFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology2026
Article in Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Introduction: Methods: In this study, we performed a lipidomic analysis of TgEVs secreted by tachyzoites grown in four distinct host cell types: fibroblasts, Vero cells, myoblasts, and porcine intestinal epithelial cells (IPEC). Cells and TgEVs were isolated from five biological replicates per condition and analysed by liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry. Comparative lipid profiling of TgEVs and their corresponding host cells was performed after total ion current normalization, followed by principal component analysis to capture global compositional patterns and pairwise differential abundance testing to identify significantly enriched or depleted lipid species. Results: We identified 194 lipid species across 15 classes. Despite metabolic differences among host cell types, TgEVs displayed a highly conserved and distinctive lipid profile. Glycerophospholipids such as phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) were the most abundant components, while sphingolipids, including sphingomyelin and ceramides, were consistently present and likely contribute to vesicle biogenesis and cargo organization. Notably, triacylglycerols (TG) were enriched in TgEVs across all host conditions, suggesting active selection of neutral lipids during vesicle formation. Correlation analyses confirmed that TgEV lipidomes diverge from their cellular origin, indicating a process of active sorting rather than passive acquisition from the host membrane. Discussion: These findings indicate that T. gondii produces vesicles with conserved and distinctive lipid compositions that differ from those of the host cell. This selective lipid core hints at key functions in parasite, host communication, immune modulation, nutrient acquisition, and other vesicle-cell interactions. Our work advances the molecular understanding of TgEVs and establishes a foundation for future studies into how lipid-mediated signalling contributes to the complex dynamics of T. gondii infections in different cellular environments.
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