ArticleFrontiers in nutrition2025
Gut dysbiosis and immune dysfunction induced by chronic cola replacement of water in rats: not just a sugar problem.
Article in Frontiers in nutrition, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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6 authors.
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Abstract
Objective: Excessive sugar-sweetened beverage consumption like cola is a worldwide public health problem. However, the effects and mechanisms of replacing water with cola (either as sugar-free cola or sugar-sweetened cola) on intestinal microbiota and overall health remain unknown, prompting this investigation. Methods: To address this, we created a new experimental model in which cola completely replaced drinking water. Twenty-four Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups ( Results: Both colas resulted in immune suppression (lower thymus index and leukopenia) and decreased total protein. The cola group showed renal stress [higher blood urea nitrogen, (BUN)] and a significant increase in spleen index. The diet cola induced a significant transaminases elevation compared to the cola group. Both colas significantly altered intestinal microbiota structure, including changes in diversity and abundance (e.g., shifts in Conclusion: Using an innovative model of complete water replacement, our study demonstrates that long-term cola consumption-whether or not sugar containing-has significant perturbative effects on gut microbiota and impairs immune and renal function. These results should warn of the impacts of regular cola intake and the need for further scrutiny of artificial sweeteners.
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