Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41717563›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in psychiatry2026

Psychometric network analysis of depression in hypertensive older adults: identifying core symptoms and modifiable risk factors.

Yue Li, Fengdan Chen, Lanxian Mai, Haibin Luo, Zhiyu Zeng

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in psychiatry, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Yue Li *Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
Fengdan Chen *Department of Geriatric Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
Lanxian MaiDepartment of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
Haibin LuoDepartment of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
Zhiyu ZengDepartment of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Objectives: This study aims to construct a depression symptom network in elderly hypertensive patients, identify central and bridging symptoms, and explore the association between network structure and modifiable risk factors. Methods: This study adopts a retrospective research design, reviewing the medical records and survey data of 562 elderly hypertensive patients from a tertiary comprehensive hospital from September 2022 to May 2023. The data was retrospectively collected from patient health records including a general demographic questionnaire, Insomnia Severity Index-7(ISI-7), 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), and Connor Davidson Resilience Scale-25 (CD-RISC-25). Calculate centrality indices (intensity, betweenness centrality, and intimacy) to identify core symptoms. A comprehensive network model integrating GAD-7, ISI-7, CD-RISC-25, and demographic variables was constructed. Results: A total of 562 patients were enrolled in the study. The average score of PHQ-9 is (10.69 ± 3.42) points. Network analysis shows that anhedonia (PHQ1) exhibits the highest intensity centrality. The strongest partial correlation was observed between Sleep problems(PHQ3) and PHQ1 (weight=0.40), fatigue (PHQ4) and depressed mood (PHQ2) (weight=0.29), and PHQ4 and PHQ1 (weight=0.29). There are two different symptom clusters: somatic affective clusters (PHQ1, PHQ3, PHQ4) and cognitive vegetative clusters (appetite problems(PHQ5), feeling of worthlessness (PHQ6), concentration problems (PHQ7)). Suicide ideation (PHQ9) exhibits the lowest centrality. The comprehensive network model indicates a strong positive correlation between depression and anxiety (PHQ-GAD), depression and insomnia (PHQ-ISI), and anxiety and insomnia (GAD-ISI). The dimensions of psychological resilience, including self reinforcement, resilience, and optimism, are negatively correlated with PHQ scores (all P<0.001), while GAD-7 scores are positively correlated. There are edge connections between exercise (EX) and ISI, disease course (DU), and gender (GD). Drink (DR) is positively correlated with GD, while degree of education (DOE) is connected within demographic clusters and has an edge with GD. Conclusions: Network analysis revealed that in the depressive network of patients with hypertension, anhedonia is the most central symptom, indicating that it may become a primary intervention target. The comprehensive network uncovered significant interconnections among depression, anxiety, and insomnia. Furthermore, the resilience dimension negatively correlates with depressive symptoms, while there are edge connections between exercise and both insomnia and demographic factors, highlighting modifiable protective factors.

Indexed as

central symptomsdepressionhypertensionnetwork analysisolder adultsrisk factors

Identifiers

PMID41717563
PMCPMC12913080

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.