Evidence mapPaperPMID 41718080Full record

ReviewMuscles (Basel, Switzerland)2026

Neuromuscular Mechanisms and Oxidative Stress in Skeletal Muscle Atrophy: Emerging Stem Cell and Gene-Based Therapeutic Strategies.

Sathish Kumar Gunasekaran, Mandam Amzad Khan, Mehwish Mirza, Santhosh Shanthi Bhupathi, Mohamed Sheik Tharik Abdul Azeeze

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Muscles (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Sathish Kumar GunasekaranDepartment of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, Mysore 570015, Karnataka, India.ORCID 0000-0002-7237-236X
Mandam Amzad KhanDepartment of Pharmacy Practice, Balaji College of Pharmacy, Anantapuramu 515001, Andhra Pradesh, India.
Mehwish MirzaDepartment of Biological Sciences, Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ 07079, USA.
Santhosh Shanthi BhupathiWVU Cancer Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-4423-3546
Mohamed Sheik Tharik Abdul AzeezeInstitute of NeuroImmune Pharmacology, Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ 07079, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-5781-250X

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Skeletal muscle atrophy emerges from intertwined neuromuscular and metabolic failures, in which neuromuscular junction destabilization, excitation contraction coupling defects, and mitochondrial dysfunction collectively intensify calcium dysregulation and drive the accumulation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS), reinforcing proteolytic and catabolic signaling programs. To integrate recent evidence on the neuromuscular redox interface and highlight therapeutic strategies that target these interdependent drivers of atrophy. RONS-mediated activation of NF-κB and FOXO pathways accelerates ubiquitin proteasome and autophagy lysosome degradation, leading to motor unit loss. Stem cell therapies (satellite cells, MSCs, and iPSC progenitors) seek to restore regenerative potential but face hurdles in engraftment and reinnervation. Gene-based interventions, including antioxidant gene delivery, Nrf2 activation, RNA modulators, and CRISPR editing, offer new avenues but remain limited by safety and delivery barriers. Bioengineering platforms such as hydrogels, decellularized scaffolds, and extracellular vesicles provide architectural, trophic, and immunomodulatory support. Translational progress requires rigorous safety pipelines, mechanistic biomarkers of motor unit recovery, and modular combination regimens that integrate cells, genes, scaffolds, and rehabilitative input. By aligning neuromuscular biology with redox control, emerging strategies hold promise to rebuild innervated, fatigue-resistant muscle across acquired and genetic atrophy syndromes.

Indexed as

FOXOgene therapymitochondrial dysfunctionneuromuscular junctionNF-κBskeletal muscle atrophystem cell therapyubiquitin-proteasome system

Identifiers

PMID41718080
PMCPMC12922156

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.