Evidence mapPaperPMID 41718119Full record

ReviewMedical sciences (Basel, Switzerland)2026

Parkinson's Disease: From Gene-Environment Risk to Precision Therapy.

Oscar Arias-Carrión

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

1 author.

Oscar Arias-CarriónDivisión de Neurociencias Clínica, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, Mexico City 14389, Mexico.ORCID 0000-0002-9982-7571

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive and heterogeneous neurodegenerative disorder and one of the fastest-growing causes of neurological disability worldwide. Although historically defined by motor manifestations resulting from nigrostriatal dopaminergic degeneration, PD is now recognized as a multisystem disorder. Non-motor features-including autonomic dysfunction, neuropsychiatric symptoms, cognitive impairment, and sleep-related disorders-frequently precede motor onset by years or even decades, delineating a clinically meaningful prodromal phase. The aetiology of PD reflects a complex interplay between genetic susceptibility and environmental exposures. Approximately 20% of cases are linked to identifiable pathogenic variants, most commonly in

Indexed as

Gene-Environment InteractionParkinson DiseasePrecision Medicinealpha-SynucleinGenetic Predisposition to DiseaseHumansRisk Factorsalpha-Synucleinbiomarkersdisease modificationgene–environment interactionhealth equityParkinson’s diseaseprecision medicineα-synucleinopathy

Identifiers

PMID41718119
PMCPMC12921725

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.