Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41718156›Full record

ReviewNeuroSci2026

Moyamoya Vasculopathy and Atypical Moyamoya-like Patterns: Insights into Diagnosis and Therapeutic Implications.

Rosalinda Calandrelli, Carlo Augusto Mallio, Caterina Bernetti, Luca Massimi, Fabio Pilato

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in NeuroSci, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Rosalinda CalandrelliAdvanced Radiology Center (ARC), Department of Oncological Radiotherapy, and Hematology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-4517-3477
Carlo Augusto MallioResearch Unit of Diagnostic Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128 Rome, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-0149-0801
Caterina BernettiResearch Unit of Diagnostic Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128 Rome, Italy.
Luca MassimiDepartment of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Fondazione Policlinico Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-3088-0822
Fabio PilatoFondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, 00128 Roma, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-7248-3916

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeThe aim of this narrative review is to update current knowledge on Moyamoya vasculopathy (MMV) by addressing key diagnostic debates-including laterality; genetic subtypes; regional epidemiology; and features distinguishing Moyamoya Disease (MMD), Moyamoya Syndrome (MMS) and their mimics.

methodsKey and representative studies were identified through PubMed/MEDLINE and Scopus, focusing on publications from 2014-2025 while also considering earlier seminal works.

resultsMMD typically presents with bilateral steno-occlusion of the terminal internal carotid arteries (ICAs) and proximal middle and anterior cerebral arteries (MCAs/ACAs) due to concentric vascular thickening, accompanied by characteristic 'puff-of-smoke' collaterals, whereas MMS shows a similar but more often unilateral pattern with fewer collaterals, influenced by the underlying condition. However, this distinction often fails to reflect the full clinical and radiological variability of the Moyamoya spectrum. Atypical moyamoya-like patterns, often confined to M1 or A1 segments, further complicate diagnosis. Clinical manifestations ranged from asymptomatic cases to ischemic or hemorrhagic strokes, and occasionally seizures. Diagnosis relied on multimodal imaging (DSA, MRA, CTA), but genetic mutations, contributing to radiological variability, often complicate differentiation between MMD, MMS, and mimics. Management is pattern-specific: MMS and atypical forms are generally managed conservatively, whereas MMD frequently requires surgical revascularization, particularly in children and symptomatic adults. Nevertheless, variability within diagnostic categories limits the applicability of rigid treatment protocols.

conclusionsCurrent diagnostic algorithms remain limited. Integrating advanced imaging findings with clinical, genetic, and epidemiological data is essential to define the full disease spectrum, improve diagnostic accuracy, and inform patient management and outcome assessment.

Indexed as

atypical moyamoya-like patternsimagingmoyamoya diseasemoyamoya syndromepuff of smokesteno-occlusive angiopathy

Identifiers

PMID41718156
PMCPMC12922065

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.