Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41718357›Full record

ArticleBiotech (Basel (Switzerland))2026

Post-Inoculation Drying and Storage Effects on HAB Viability and Nutrient Retention in Biochar.

Christiana Bitrus, Ademola Hammed, Tawakalt Ayodele, Niloy Chandra Sarker

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Biotech (Basel (Switzerland)), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Christiana BitrusEnvironmental and Conservation Science, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102, USA.
Ademola HammedEnvironmental and Conservation Science, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-2170-6128
Tawakalt AyodeleEnvironmental and Conservation Science, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102, USA.ORCID 0009-0005-7780-4845
Niloy Chandra SarkerAgricultural and Biosystems Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-3403-0481

Funding

North Dakota Soybean council, ND, U.S FAR0038184
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

BACKGROUND/

objectivesThe effects of thermal drying on the viability of beneficial microorganisms immobilized in biochar, as well as on biochar nutrient retention, remain insufficiently understood. This study aimed to evaluate how drying temperature influences the survival of hyper-ammonia-producing bacteria (HAB) immobilized on pine wood biochar and to assess the impact of subsequent storage on bacterial recovery and nutrient stability.

methodsBiochar was inoculated with HAB and subjected to drying at temperatures ranging from 40 to 60 °C. Following drying, samples were characterized and stored for 30 days. Microbial revival was assessed through reculturing, while changes in surface functional groups were analyzed using FTIR spectroscopy. Nutrient retention, particularly nitrogen content, was also evaluated.

resultsHigher drying temperatures resulted in reduced immediate microbial revival during reculturing. However, samples exhibiting limited immediate recovery demonstrated enhanced revival after the 30-day storage period. FTIR analysis revealed that drying temperature modified the availability of surface functional groups associated with microbial attachment and activity. Nutrient analysis indicated only minor reductions in nitrogen retention in biochar dried at temperatures above 55 °C.

conclusionsDrying temperature significantly affects both the short-term survival and post-storage recovery of beneficial microorganisms immobilized in biochar. While elevated temperatures may initially suppress microbial activity, recovery potential during storage remains substantial. Optimizing drying conditions is therefore essential to balance microbial viability with nutrient retention in biochar-based formulations.

Indexed as

biofertilizer developmentcarbon-based carriershyperammonia-producing bacteriamicrobial shelf lifenutrient retention mechanismspost-production stabilizationstress-adapted microbial consortia

Identifiers

PMID41718357
PMCPMC12922006

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.