Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41719231›Full record

ArticlePloS one2026

Nontargeted metabolomics analysis of potential biomarkers for patients with chronic ischemic stroke in extremely cold rural regions: An exploratory case-control study.

Li Bai, Zhongyuan Li, Jie Ge, Xiaolei Yang, Haifeng Xue, Baokui Qi, Liran Cui, Kejia Zhu, Yu Cheng, Xueyan Qian and 8 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in PloS one, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

18 authors.

Li BaiQiqihar Medical University, School of Public Health, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China.
Zhongyuan LiQiqihar Medical University Affiliated First Hospital, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China.
Jie GeQiqihar Medical University, School of Public Health, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China.
Xiaolei YangQiqihar Medical University, School of Public Health, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China.
Haifeng XueQiqihar Medical University, School of Public Health, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China.
Baokui QiQiqihar Medical University Affiliated First Hospital, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China.
Liran CuiQiqihar Medical University Affiliated First Hospital, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China.
Kejia ZhuHeilongjiang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
Yu ChengQiqihar Medical University, School of Public Health, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China.
Xueyan QianQiqihar Medical University, School of Public Health, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China.
Yuehui JiaQiqihar Medical University, School of Public Health, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China.
Hongjie LiQiqihar Medical University, School of Public Health, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China.
Jiping LiQiqihar Medical University, School of Public Health, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China.
Gang LiQiqihar Medical University, School of Public Health, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China.
Jiyuan LiQiqihar Medical University, School of Public Health, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China.
Shuli MaQiqihar Medical University, School of Public Health, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China.
Yufei LiuQiqihar Medical University, School of Public Health, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China.
Hong ChaoQiqihar Medical University, School of Public Health, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8736-6624

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveChronic ischemic stroke (CIS) is a serious cardiovascular event, closely related to genetic and environmental factors in its occurrence and development. This study aims to reveal the potential impact of extreme cold environments on patients with CIS by comparing the metabolic characteristics of different populations, and to explore potential biomarkers and metabolic differences between Daur and Han CIS patients.

methodsA total of 32 patients with CIS and 32 matched by age, sex and race healthy controls were included in this study. Their demographic data were collected and clinical indicators were measured. The potentially differential expressed metabolites (DEMs) associated with CIS were identified using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 22.0 and MetaboAnalyst 6.0.

results1. There were statistically significant differences in urea nitrogen (P = 0.006), history of hypertension (P = 0.006), and history of diabetes (P = 0.046) between the patients with CIS and healthy controls. The association between a history of hypertension and CIS had an odds ratio of 4.023 (95% confidence interval 1.294-12.513). 2. Nontargeted metabolomics analysis identified 29 potential DEMs associated with CIS, which were further analyzed. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve demonstrated the moderate performance (AUC = 0.750, accuracy rate = 66.5%) of these potential DEMs in identifying patients with CIS. The galactose metabolic pathway, as well as cysteine and methionine metabolism, were significantly different between the groups (P = 0.006 and P = 0.009, respectively). 3. Metabolomic analysis comparing Daur and Han patients with CIS identified 37 potential DEMs. A ROC curve for these potential DEMs was constructed (AUC = 0.942, accuracy rate = 87.4%). The metabolic pathways of cysteine and methionine metabolism, as well as arginine and proline metabolism, were significantly different between Daur and Han patients with CIS (P = 0.021 and P = 0.023, respectively).

conclusionThis exploratory study identified potential DEMs associated with CIS in populations from extremely cold rural regions and within the Daur ethnic subgroup. A preliminary ROC model constructed using these DEMs indicated their potential diagnostic value for CIS, though this requires further validation in large-scale, independent cohort studies.

Indexed as

BiomarkersBrain IschemiaIschemic StrokeMetabolomicsAgedCase-Control StudiesCold TemperatureFemaleHumansMaleMetabolomeMiddle AgedROC CurveBiomarkers

Identifiers

PMID41719231
PMCPMC12923066

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.