Evidence mapPaperPMID 41719265Full record

ArticlePloS one2026

Determinants of medication adherence and knowledge among patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus: A cross-sectional study in Northwestern China.

Jingjing Pan, Xiaorong Xue, Haiyan Li, Lian Wu

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in PloS one, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Jingjing PanDepartment of Pharmacy, Xi'an People's Hospital (Xi'an Fourth Hospital), Xi'an, People's Republic of China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2762-5222
Xiaorong XueDepartment of Pharmacy, Xi'an People's Hospital (Xi'an Fourth Hospital), Xi'an, People's Republic of China.
Haiyan LiDepartment of Pharmacy, Xi'an People's Hospital (Xi'an Fourth Hospital), Xi'an, People's Republic of China.
Lian WuDepartment of Ophthalmology, Xi'an People's Hospital (Xi'an Fourth Hospital), Xi'an, People's Republic of China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesThe study aimed to evaluate medication knowledge and adherence among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in northwestern China, identify factors influencing adherence, and examine the role of medication knowledge in adherence behavior.

methodsThis hospital-based,cross-sectional study was conducted at Xi'an People's Hospital (Xi'an Fourth Hospital) from February to May 2025. A total of 510 adult patients with T2DM were enrolled. Medication knowledge and adherence were assessed using "diabetes medication knowledge questionnaire (DMKQ)" and "general medication adherence scale (GMAS)", respectively. Multiple linear regression analysis was employed to identify independent risk factors associated with adherence.

resultsThe study revealed that 53.93% of patients achieved satisfactory medication adherence, while 58.04% possessed adequate medication knowledge. Forgetfulness or difficulty remembering medication schedules was the most frequently reported barrier to adherence. Notably, a substantial proportion of patients were unaware of potential medication side effects, and nearly half lacked sufficient knowledge on managing adverse effects. Multiple linear regression analysis identified gender (B = 0.564, P = 0.039), education level (B = 0.565, P = 0.032), living conditions (B = 0.776, P = 0.004), duration of antidiabetic drugs used (B = -0.046, P = 0.009) and medication knowledge (B = 1.318, P < 0.001) as independent factors of medication adherence, with medication knowledge exhibiting the strongest association (Beta = 0.533). Furthermore, a significant positive correlation was observed between medication knowledge and adherence.

conclusionPatients with diabetes in northwestern China often demonstrate suboptimal levels of both medication knowledge and adherence. As medication knowledge positively affects medication adherence, healthcare providers should assume a more proactive role in delivering comprehensive medication education to this patient population.

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2Drug MonitoringHealth Knowledge, Attitudes, PracticeHypoglycemic AgentsMedication AdherenceAdultAgedChinaCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedSurveys and QuestionnairesHypoglycemic Agents

Identifiers

PMID41719265
PMCPMC12923062

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.