Trial reportScientific reports2026
Effects of vitamin D supplementation during autumn and winter on blood biomarkers and physical performance in runners and non runners.
Trial report in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
14 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of an 8-week daily 2000 IU vitamin D₃ supplementation, administered via orodispersible films, on serum vitamin D, leukocyte count, and performance parameters in healthy recreational runners and non-runners, followed by a 12-week post-supplementation follow-up. Forty-five participants were randomized into four groups: supplemented runners (RUN-SUPPL, n = 13, age 33.4 ± 7.5 y), non-supplemented runners (RUN-CON, n = 10, age 34.8 ± 8.6 y), supplemented non-runners (NON-RUN-SUPPL, n = 11, age 29.3 ± 7.5 y), and non-supplemented non-runners (NON-RUN-CON, n = 11, age 28.3 ± 6.0 y). Assessments were conducted at baseline (T0, October, pre-supplementation), post-intervention (T1, December, after 8 weeks), and follow-up (T2, March, 12-weeks post-supplementation). Supplementation significantly increased serum 25(OH)D₃ in runners (30.45 ± 7.0 to 35.35 ± 8.9 ng/mL, p < 0.001) and non-runners (25.0 ± 8.7 to 30.2 ± 9.7 ng/mL, p < 0.001), while non-supplemented non-runners showed a marked decline (25.93 ± 6.6 to 17.8 ± 7.3 ng/mL, p < 0.001). After follow-up, serum vitamin D decreased significantly in all groups (e.g., RUN-SUPPL 23.52 ± 5.6 ng/mL, p < 0.001). A significant time-by-supplementation interaction was observed for total leukocytes (p = 0.001) and neutrophils (p = 0.03), indicating more stable immune profiles in supplemented participants. No significant changes were found in VO₂max or countermovement jump (p > 0.05), while maximal isometric force showed a trend toward improvement in supplemented subjects (p = 0.056). Despite these physiological benefits, no ergogenic effects on aerobic or explosive performance were observed.
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