Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41720876›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2026

Role of the ABCG2 transporter in the biodistribution of the food-borne uremic toxin p-cresyl sulfate.

Alicia Millán-García, Laura Álvarez-Fernández, Miriam Velasco-Díez, Diana Huertas-Álvarez, Álvaro López-García, Álvaro de la Fuente, Gracia Merino, Esther Blanco-Paniagua

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Alicia Millán-GarcíaDepartment of Biomedical Sciences-Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Health Institute (INDEGSAL), Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana, León, 24071, Spain.
Laura Álvarez-FernándezDepartment of Biomedical Sciences-Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Health Institute (INDEGSAL), Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana, León, 24071, Spain.
Miriam Velasco-DíezDepartment of Biomedical Sciences-Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Health Institute (INDEGSAL), Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana, León, 24071, Spain.
Diana Huertas-ÁlvarezDepartment of Biomedical Sciences-Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Health Institute (INDEGSAL), Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana, León, 24071, Spain.
Álvaro López-GarcíaDepartment of Biomedical Sciences-Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Health Institute (INDEGSAL), Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana, León, 24071, Spain.
Álvaro de la FuenteDepartment of Biomedical Sciences-Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Health Institute (INDEGSAL), Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana, León, 24071, Spain.
Gracia MerinoDepartment of Biomedical Sciences-Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Health Institute (INDEGSAL), Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana, León, 24071, Spain.
Esther Blanco-PaniaguaDepartment of Biomedical Sciences-Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Health Institute (INDEGSAL), Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana, León, 24071, Spain. eblap@unileon.es.

Funding

Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación PID2021-125660OB-I00Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades FPU23/00153
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The ATP-binding cassette transporter G2 (ABCG2) is a membrane transporter that conditions pharmacokinetics, systemic exposure, and milk secretion of drugs, natural and food-derived compounds, including gut-derived metabolites. p-Cresyl sulfate (pCS), a well-known uremic toxin, is the main metabolite of p-Cresol (pC), produced from dietary aromatic amino acids by gut microbiota. We aimed to characterize the in vitro and in vivo interaction of pCS with the ABCG2 transporter. Using MDCK–II cells overexpressing the transporter, we found that pCS is an in vitro substrate of ABCG2. Furthermore, using wild-type and Abcg2−/− mice, we showed that plasma AUC0−240 min for Abcg2−/− was almost 1.6-fold higher than for wild-type mice. Regarding tissue distribution, the liver, kidney, small intestine, testis, and spleen from Abcg2−/− mice showed significantly higher pCS levels versus the wild-type group. Moreover, pCS accumulation in small intestine content retrieved from wild-type mice was 2-fold higher than in the Abcg2−/− group. Finally, we proved that Abcg2 also affects pCS secretion into milk, with a more than 3-fold higher accumulation in milk and almost 6-fold higher milk-to-plasma ratio of wild-type versus Abcg2−/− mice. Overall, our results disclose that Abcg2 significantly affects plasma levels, biodistribution and milk secretion of pCS, thereby modulating its biological activity.

Indexed as

ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2CresolsSulfuric Acid EstersUremic ToxinsAnimalsDogsMadin Darby Canine Kidney CellsMaleMiceMice, KnockoutMilkTissue Distribution4-cresol sulfateAbcg2 protein, mouseATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2CresolsSulfuric Acid EstersUremic ToxinsABCG2Milk secretionp-Cresyl sulfatePlasma levelsTissue distributionTransepithelial transport assays

Identifiers

PMID41720876
PMCPMC13022246

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.