Evidence mapPaperPMID 41720946Full record

ArticleScientific reports2026

The impact of social support on medication adherence among patients with heart failure: health literacy as a mediator.

Sameer A Alkubati, Homoud Khaled Aleyadah, Habib Alrashedi, Awatif M Alrasheeday, Abdulhafith Alharbi, Bandar Alsaif, Joseph U Almazan, Aziza Z Ali, Bushra Alshammari

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Sameer A AlkubatiDepartment of Medical-Surgical Nursing, College of Nursing, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia. alkubatisa@yahoo.com.
Homoud Khaled AleyadahSharaf Primary Health Care, Hail Health Cluster, Hail, Saudi Arabia.
Habib AlrashediDepartment of Medical-Surgical Nursing, College of Nursing, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia.
Awatif M AlrasheedayNursing Administration Department, Faculty of Nursing, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia.
Abdulhafith AlharbiDepartment of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, College of Nursing, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia.
Bandar AlsaifDepartment of Public Health, College of Public Health and Health Informatics, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia.
Joseph U AlmazanDepartment of Medicine, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Kerey and Zhanibek Khans St 5/1, 010000, Astana, Kazakhstan.
Aziza Z AliNursing Administration Department, Faculty of Nursing, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia.
Bushra AlshammariDepartment of Medical-Surgical Nursing, College of Nursing, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Social support is necessary for patients with heart failure (HF) to take medication, which can lead to decreased hospitalization and mortality rates. However, the effect of patient health literacy on this relationship remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the mediating effect of health literacy on the relationship between social support and medication adherence among patients with HF. A cross-sectional correlational design was used between August and October 2024 for 249 patients with HF. Data were collected using patients' sociodemographic and health status, the Arabic version of the General Medication Adherence Scale (GMAS), BRIEF Health Literacy Screening Tool, and Oslo Social Support Scale (OSSS-3). Hayes' Process Macro program, version 4.2, Model 4, was used to assess the possible interaction effects. Statistical significance was set at p less than .05. There was a weak positive correlation between patients' medication adherence and health literacy (r = .247, p < .001) and social support (r = .204, p < .001). In addition, there was a significant correlation between HL status and social support (r = .314, p < .001). Factors that increased medication adherence included older age (B = 0.06, p = .027), not smoking (B = 2.21, p < .001), other chronic diseases (B = 1.23, p = .005), higher health literacy (B = 0.30, p = .002), and social support (B = 0.33, p = .044). The model indicated an indirect positive effect of social support on medication adherence through health literacy (β = 0.064, p = .007). Social support had a positive direct effect on health literacy (β = 0.314, p < .001) and a positive effect of health literacy on medication adherence (β = 0.203, p = .002). Social support had a significant positive direct effect on medication adherence (β = 0.140, p = .031), with a total effect of β = 0.204, p = .001. Health literacy showed a statistically significant indirect association in the mediation model. This study revealed that patients with higher health literacy are better equipped to manage complex treatment regimens and engage in self-care. This effect was further amplified by social support, which both directly and indirectly enhanced adherence.

Indexed as

Drug MonitoringHealth LiteracyHeart FailureMedication AdherenceSocial SupportAdherence InterventionsAgedCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedAdherenceHealth literacyHeart failureMedicationSocial support

Identifiers

PMID41720946
PMCPMC13022392

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.