ArticleMolecular neurobiology2026
Proteomic Insights into Heroin Use: Links to Neurodegeneration.
Article in Molecular neurobiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Pharmacogenetic Evidence in Opioid-Related Toxicity and Death with an Appraisal of Emerging Multi-Omics Studies: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Pooled it
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Due to a lack of information related to molecular changes in heroin use, we aimed to examine heroin-dependent alterations in different regions of the post-mortem human brain. Tissues were obtained from males (n = 24 heroin users, n = 24 controls) through the Turkish Forensic Medicine Institute after structured verbal interviews with the relatives of the deceased to gather history of substance use. Following toxicological confirmation of heroin use, the hippocampus, putamen, and caudate nucleus were dissected from the left hemispheres. Proteomic analyses were performed using a high-resolution liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) system. Label-free quantitative analysis revealed significant differential expression of 87 proteins in the hippocampus, 121 proteins in the putamen, and 80 proteins in the caudate nucleus compared to controls. These differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were subsequently used to construct protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks using the STRING database, revealing significantly enriched and highly interconnected interaction networks in all three regions. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis of DEPs consistently identified extracellular exosome, extracellular space, and vesicle as the top three cellular components. Molecular function enrichment further indicated alterations in signaling, binding, and stress-related processes. The expression of TST, RYR2, ACTBL2, and RPS27 decreased, whereas the expression of COL4A2, OGN, PMP2, and MAP2K6 increased in the hippocampus. In the putamen, the most prominent increases were observed in DNM2 and MADD expression. In the caudate nucleus, the expressions of RPS6KA2, TMED10, and NBEA proteins decreased, whereas HPX protein expression increased. Overall, these alterations promote oxidative stress and molecular changes linked to neurodegeneration, which likely contribute to impaired neuronal function and synaptic plasticity.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.