Evidence mapPaperPMID 41721264Full record

ArticleBMC psychiatry2026

Prevalence and risk profiles of metabolic abnormalities (PRIMA): a large-scale, multicenter cross-sectional study among inpatients with schizophrenia in China.

Xuemei Liao, Liyun Zheng, Hongyi Li, Xiaobing Lu, Xixiang Mao, Ying Sun, Dongdong Qiao, Yanchi Zhang, Ning Yuan, Chao Li and 17 more

Abstract readMulticenter Study
In one paragraph

Article in BMC psychiatry, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

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2 · The registry

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

27 authors.

Xuemei Liao *National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health) and the Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, 100191, China.
Liyun Zheng *Jiangxi Mental Hospital & Affiliated Mental Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.
Hongyi LiThe Fourth People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
Xiaobing LuThe Affiliated Brain Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
Xixiang MaoThe Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Brain Hospital, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China.
Ying SunLiaoning Provincial Mental Health Center, Tieling, Liaoning, China.
Dongdong QiaoShandong Mental Health Center, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
Yanchi ZhangChangchun Sixth Hospital, Changchun, Jilin, China.
Ning YuanThe Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province (Hunan Provincial Brain Hospital), Changsha, Hunan, China.
Chao LiXi'an Mental Health Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
Yuanjian YangJiangxi Mental Hospital & Affiliated Mental Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.
Zhiyong RenShanxi Province Mental Health Center, Taiyuan Psychiatric Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.
Xiaohong LiBeijing Huilongguan Hospital, Affiliated Capital Medical University, Peking University, Huilongguan Clinical Medical School, Beijing, China.
Baoliang ZhongDepartment of Psychiatry, Wuhan Mental Health Center, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
Gang WuThe Second People's Hospital of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, Guizhou, China.
Lina WangTianjin Anding Hospital and Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
Yunshu ZhangThe Sixth Clinical Medical College of Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, China.
Jianliang GaoHefei Fourth People's Hospital, Hefei, Anhui, China.
Yujuan MaChongqing Mental Health Center, Chongqing, China.
Yongqing HuangInner Mongolia Autonomous Region Mental Health Center, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China.
Guangya ZhangSuzhou Guangji Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
Yong QinLianyungang Fourth People's Hospital, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China.
Haihang YuThe Affiliated Kangning Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.
Cheng LuoMental Health Center Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
Jiaqi BaoDepartment of Biostatistics, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
Hongguang ChenNational Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health) and the Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, 100191, China. chenhg@bjmu.edu.cn.
Tianmei SiNational Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health) and the Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, 100191, China. si.tian-mei@163.com.

Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China 82171529
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundMetabolic abnormalities are prevalent among individuals with schizophrenia, contributing to increased medical burden and premature mortality. However, representative data from mainland China remain scarce, particularly within inpatient populations. This study aims to investigate the prevalence and risk profiles of metabolic abnormalities among inpatients with schizophrenia in mainland China.

methodsWe conducted a large-scale, multicenter cross-sectional study, consecutively enrolling adult inpatients with schizophrenia from 218 psychiatric and general hospitals across six major regions of China between January and December 2023. Metabolic abnormalities were defined according to standard clinical criteria for waist circumference, blood pressure, serum lipids, and fasting glucose. Chi-square tests and ordinal logistic regression analyses were used to identify high-risk profiles.

resultsA total of 18,499 valid cases were analyzed, with 84.51% of patients exhibiting at least one metabolic abnormality. The overall metabolic syndrome prevalence was 28.2%, with marked regional variation (17.2%–48.4%). Patients with metabolic abnormalities were more likely to have a later age at onset, co-occurring depressive symptoms, unhealthy lifestyle behaviors, marital history or unemployment, lower educational attainment, and a family history of cardiometabolic disorders. Among commonly used atypical antipsychotics, olanzapine showed the strongest association with metabolic abnormalities (OR = 1.21, 95% CI: 1.04–1.40), whereas ziprasidone showed the weakest (OR = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.54–0.93).

conclusionsIn China, hospitalized patients with schizophrenia exhibit a high prevalence of metabolic abnormalities. Social disadvantage, greater illness burden, and exposure to commonly prescribed atypical antipsychotics characterize high-risk profiles, informing efforts toward early identification and integrated preventive interventions.

trial registrationNot applicable.

Indexed as

Metabolic SyndromeSchizophreniaAdultAntipsychotic AgentsChinaComorbidityCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansInpatientsMaleMiddle AgedOlanzapinePiperazinesPrevalenceRisk FactorsAntipsychotic AgentsOlanzapinePiperazinesThiazolesziprasidoneAtypical antipsychoticsMetabolic syndromePrevalenceRisk profilesSchizophrenia

Identifiers

PMID41721264
PMCPMC13032252

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.