SynthesisRadiological physics and technology2026
Dose enhancement by gold, iron oxide, bismuth oxide, and platinum nanoparticles in radiotherapy: a comprehensive meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Radiological physics and technology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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8 authors.
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Abstract
This first global comprehensive meta-analysis of 64 studies compares four metal (gold (Au), iron oxide (IO), bismuth oxide (BO), platinum (Pt)) nanoparticles (NPs) as cancer radiosensitizers. Following PRISMA guidelines, we searched PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library through November 2025 for studies on four metal NPS as cancer radiosensitizers. Meta-analysis calculated pooled dose enhancement factor (DEF) with comprehensive publication bias assessment (Egger’s, Begg’s, Trim-and-Fill, Fail-Safe N) and sensitivity analyses. Subgroup analyses examined nanoparticle size (≤ 10 nm, 10–30 nm, > 30 nm), radiation energy (≤ 100 keV, 100–250 keV, > 250 keV), and cancer cell line effects. Meta-regression evaluated size as a continuous predictor. Analysis of 95 independent data comparing four NPs revealed BO as most efficacious (0.575; 95% CI: 0.352–0.798; p = 0.001), followed by Au (0.395; 95% CI: 0.317–0.474; p = 0.001) and IO (0.293; 95% CI: 0.153–0.433; p = 0.001). Pt showed highest point estimate (0.780; 95% CI: 0.306–1.255; p = 0.001) but critically fragile evidence (Fail-Safe N = 2). Smaller NPs (≤ 10 nm, 0.500; 95% CI: 0.300–0.700) demonstrated 60% greater efficacy than 10–30 nm particles (0.312; 95% CI: 0.180–0.430). Orthovoltage radiation (≤ 100 keV0.710; 95% CI: 0.410–1.150) produced 2-fold greater enhancement than megavoltage (> 250 keV, 0.350; 95% CI: 0.240–0.460). Sensitivity analysis confirmed no influential outliers, with bismuth showing exceptional robustness (± 6% variation). BO is the optimal radiosensitizer, demonstrating highest efficacy with unbiased evidence. Smaller NPs (≤ 10 nm) and orthovoltage radiotherapy protocols maximize radiosensitization enhancement.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.