Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41722695›Full record

SynthesisAdvances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.)2026

A Systematic Review on the Impact of Donor Characteristics and Donor Milk Handling on Infant Health and Growth.

Daniel Klotz, Agnieszka Bzikowska-Jura, Marzia Giribaldi, Magdalena Babiszewska-Aksamit, Tanya Cassidy, Laura Cavallarin, Serena Gandino, Karolina Karcz, Chiara Peila, Carolyn Smith and 2 more

Abstract readSystematic Review
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Daniel KlotzBethel Center for Pediatrics, Department of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital OWL, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany.
Agnieszka Bzikowska-JuraLaboratory of Human Milk and Lactation Research, Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland; Department of Clinical Dietetics, Medical University of Warsaw, Ciolka 27, 01-445 Warsaw, Poland.
Marzia GiribaldiInstitute of Sciences of Food Productions, National Research Council, Grugliasco, Italy. Electronic address: marzia.giribaldi@cnr.it.
Magdalena Babiszewska-AksamitLaboratory of Human Milk and Lactation Research, Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
Tanya CassidyKathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland.
Laura CavallarinInstitute of Sciences of Food Productions, National Research Council, Grugliasco, Italy.
Serena GandinoNuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom.
Karolina KarczDepartment of Neonatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland.
Chiara PeilaNeonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
Carolyn SmithBodleian Health Care Libraries, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
Bartłomiej WalczakInstitute of Applied Social Sciences, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
Aleksandra WesołowskaLaboratory of Human Milk and Lactation Research, Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Global recommendations advocate the conditional use of donor human milk (DHM), yet evidence on the influence of donor characteristics and DHM treatment on premature infants' health and growth is lacking. This study aimed to compare clinical outcomes of infants fed standard DHM compared with modified DHM-based on predefined variations. We performed a systematic review searching 14 databases alongside clinical trial registries, up to 8 March, 2024. Any study designs, but case or animal studies, conference proceedings, reviews, and gray literature were included. Findings were synthesized narratively and in tables. Of 14,979 screened studies, 14 met inclusion criteria comparing clinical effects of DHM from mothers who gave birth prematurely compared with at term, DHM that was treated with high-temperature pasteurization methods compared with standard holder pasteurization, and concentrated or homogenized DHM compared with standard DHM. Our analysis revealed a significant paucity of clinical data for several interventions and a complete lack of evidence for most of our research questions, indicating insufficient evidence to support the clinical use and efficacy of the aforementioned interventions. We found substantial evidence gaps in understanding how DHM treatments influence health and growth in premature infants. Research prioritizing clinical outcomes is essential to guide milk-banking policies. The protocol was registered on PROSPERO as CRD42024522015.

Indexed as

Child DevelopmentInfant HealthInfant, PrematureMilk BanksMilk, HumanEvidence GapsFemaleHumansInfantInfant, NewbornPasteurizationdonor human milkgrowthinfantnutritionoutcomesystematic review

Identifiers

PMID41722695
PMCPMC13068549

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.